Reigniting the Flame of Change: The Resurgence of Iran’s Radical Feminist Movement in the Aftermath of Mahsa Ahmini’s Death

Authors

Putri Hergianasari, Universitas Kristen Satya WacanaFollow
Tunjung Wijanarka, Universitas Kristen Satya WacanaFollow

Abstract

This article explores the significant impact of the radical feminist movement in Iran following the tragic death of Mahsa Ahmini. This incident sparked widespread international protests and shed light on the unjust treatment of women in Iran. The study employs a qualitative research method with descriptive analysis, and the authors use library research for the collection of data. The findings of this research reveal that the radical feminist movement in Iran has gained strength since Mahsa Ahmini’s passing, marked by numerous demonstrations led by feminist activists advocating for justice and reforms in the discriminatory legal framework. This movement fights for women’s rights, including political and public participation and the right to make decisions about their own lives. The research conclusion underscores the role of social media and technology in bolstering the radical feminist movement in Iran, facilitating information access and communication. Nevertheless, the movement faces formidable challenges, including threats and harassment from authorities and a society that still objectifies and marginalizes women. Consequently, this research underscores the crucial role of the radical feminist movement in driving change and reshaping the societal and legal systems that perpetuate gender discrimination in Iran.

Bahasa Abstract

Artikel ini membahas tentang gerakan feminis radikal yang menjadi tonggak dalam usaha transformasi kesetaraan gender di Iran pasca kematian Mahsa Amini. Kejadian tersebut menimbulkan protes dan perhatian internasional yang begitu besar terhadap perlakuan diskriminatif terhadap perempuan di Iran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif jenis analisis deskriptif, serta pengumpulan data dengan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa gerakan feminis radikal di Iran menjadi semakin kuat setelah kematian Mahsa Amini, dengan banyaknya aksi protes yang dilakukan oleh para aktivis feminis untuk menuntut keadilan dan perubahan dalam sistem hukum yang diskriminatif. Gerakan ini berjuang untuk memperjuangkan hak-hak perempuan, termasuk hak untuk berpartisipasi dalam kehidupan politik dan publik, dan hak untuk menentukan nasib sendiri. Kesimpulan penelitian menyatakan bahwa terdapat peran media sosial dan teknologi dalam memperkuat gerakan feminis radikal di Iran, dengan adanya akses informasi dan komunikasi yang lebih mudah. Akan tetapi, gerakan feminis radikal di Iran juga menghadapi tantangan yang besar, termasuk ancaman dan intimidasi dari pihak berwenang, serta masyarakat yang masih menganggap perempuan sebagai objek seksual dan inferior. Sehingga, penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya gerakan feminisme radikal dalam membawa perubahan dan transformasi dalam sistem sosial dan hukum yang diskriminatif terhadap perempuan di Iran.

References

Ajid, T. (2019). Studi Kawasan Dunia Islam: Perspektif Etno-Linguistik dan Geo-Politik (Vol. 3). PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. https://etheses.uinsgd.ac.id/42111/1/Ajid_StudiKawasan.pdf

Aljazeera. (2022, September). Iranian coroner denies Mahsa Amini died from blows to body.

Alkholid, A. M., & Taufiq, F. (2021). Hubungan Iran-Amerika Serikat Masa Pemerintahan Hassan Rouhani (Telaah Perjanjian JCPOA). Jurnal Middle East and Islamic Studies, 1(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7454/meis.v8i1.133

Aziiz, A. N. R. Al. (2012). Sumber Hukum Islam (1st ed.). Cempaka Putih.

BBC. (2009). Siapa yang berkuasa di Iran?

BBC. (2011). Profile: Iran’s “unremarkable” supreme leader Ayatollah Khamenei.

Bernard, L. (1994). The Political Languange of Islam (I). Gramedia Pustaka.

Cai, Y. (2023). Analyzing the Role of Social Media as a Catalyst in the Feminist Campaign in the Global South Using #WomenLifeFreedom as an Example. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 13, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v13i.7854

Cambridge University. (2022). Ancient Persia.

Cholis, A. (2013). Dinasti Safawi, Konversi Syiah di Iran, dan Sikap terhadap Sufisme. Hidayattulah.

Cottais, C. (2021). Radical Feminism. Journal IGG.

Debbie, C., & Scanlon, J. (2014). Convergences et divergences entre le féminisme radical et la théorie queer. Nouvelles Questions Féministes, 33(2).

Ferree, M. M., & Roth, S. (1998). GENDER, CLASS, AND THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1177/089124398012006003, 12(6), 626–648. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124398012006003

Forbes. (2023). Iran Installs Cameras for Morality Police To Identify Women Defying Hijab Law.

Freedom House. (2023). Freedom House Scores Index.

Fuad, A. N. (1994). RESPON ‘ULAMA SHI‘AH TERHADAP REVOLUSI KONSTITUSIONAL 1906-1911 DI IRAN: SUATU TINJAUAN SOSIO-HISTORIS. IAIN Sunan Ampel.

Goldberg, M. L. (2022, October 16). Feminist Uprising in Iran. Www.Undispatch.Com. https://www.undispatch.com/a-feminist-uprising-in-iran/

Harbani, R. (2022). Dalil Memakai Jilbab bagi Muslimah dalam Al-Qur’an.

Haris, M. (2018). Situasi Politik Pemerintahan Dinasti Umayyah dan Abbasiyah. TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam, 10(2), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v10i2.79

Heywood, A. (2013). POLITICS: Vol. Fourth Edition.

ICID. (2023). Iranian Geography.

Iran Constitution. (1979). Iran (Islamic Republic of)’s Constitution of 1979 with Amendments through 1989.

Iwan, G. (2000). Buku Pintar Seri Senior Plus 20 Negara Baru.

Jamsheed, F. (2012). Tajuk: Pemilu Semu dengan Pemenang Semu.

Jaquette, J. S. (1989). The Women’s Movement in Latin America: Feminism and the Transition to Democracy. Philapers. https://philpapers.org/rec/JAQTWM-2

Krause, S. M. (2019). Islam: Dari Invasi Mongol ke Kekaisaran Timurid (Cambridge Stanford Books, Ed.). https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QeTNDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT2&dq=Sebelum+era+modern,+Iran+merupakan+bagian+Kekaisaran+Persia+yang+telah+berdiri+selama+ribuan+tahun.&ots=rQgaDmJD-w&sig=C-gWMwUidfnwpG9ehMVjn1z0WPE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Manucehri, A. (2019). Sistem Politik Republik Islam Iran (A. Mulyadi, Ed.; I). RAUSYANFIKR INSTITUTE.

Mojab, Sh. (2001). Theorizing the Politics of “Islamic Feminism.” Routledge: Feminist Review, 69, 46. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141778011007015

Montesquieu. (1989). The Spirit of the Laws. Cambridge University Press.

Nurcahyo, A. (2016). Relevansi Budaya Patriarki Dengan Partisipasi Politik Dan Keterwakilan Perempuan Di Parlemen . AGASTYA: JURNAL SEJARAH DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA, 6(1), 25–34. http://e-journal.unipma.ac.id/index.php/JA/article/view/878/791

O’Neill, P. H. (2010). Essentials of Comparative Politics Third Edition. W. W. Norton & Company.

Rais, M. (2018). Sejarah Perkembangan Islam di Iran. TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam, 10(2), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v10i2.73

Ramazani, R. K. (2015). Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Source: Middle East Journal, 34(2), 181–204. http://www.jstor.orgURL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/4326018

Reuters. (2022). Timeline: Events in Iran since Mahsa Amini’s arrest and death in custody.

Rizvi, M. (2022). The Hijab, The Muslim Women’s Dress, Islamic or Cultural? https://www.al-islam.org/hijab-muslim-womens-dress-islamic-or-cultural-sayyid-muhammad-rizvi/quran-and-hijab

Ryan, B. (1992). Feminism and the Women’s Movement: Dynamics of Change in Social Movement, Ideology and Activism. Routledge. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=soZEAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=+Barbara+Ryan+Feminist+Theory+and+Social+Movements&ots=EvjJ_YAbZS&sig=ZUOuM6zZb5YfByzOMnTOd8HHnhs&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Barbara%20Ryan%20Feminist%20Theory%20and%20Social%20Movements&f=false

Saefuddin, D. (2011). Sejarah Islam Persia. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.

Sahide, A. (2015). The Arab Spring: Membaca Kronologi dan Faktor Penyebabnya. 118–129.

Staggenborg, S., & Taylor, V. (2005). Whatever Happened to The Women’s Movement? Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 10(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.17813/MAIQ.10.1.46245R7082613312

The Guardian. (2022). Iran reviewing mandatory headscarf law amid ongoing protests.

Time. (2022). What to Know About the Iranian Protests Over Mahsa Amini’s Death.

Tripp, A. M. (2010). Women in Movement Transformations in African Political Landscapes. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1080/1461674032000080585, 5(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461674032000080585

UNDP. (2021). Gender Inequality Index (GII) by UNDP.Alkholid, A. M., & Taufiq, F. (2021). Hubungan Iran-Amerika Serikat Masa Pemerintahan Hassan Rouhani (Telaah Perjanjian JCPOA). Jurnal Middle East and Islamic Studies, 1(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7454/meis.v8i1.133

Aziiz, A. N. R. Al. (2012). Sumber Hukum Islam (1st ed.). Cempaka Putih.

BBC. (2009). Siapa yang berkuasa di Iran?

BBC. (2011). Profile: Iran’s “unremarkable” supreme leader Ayatollah Khamenei.

Bernard, L. (1994). The Political Languange of Islam (I). Gramedia Pustaka.

Cambridge University. (2022). Ancient Persia.

Cholis, A. (2013). Dinasti Safawi, Konversi Syiah di Iran, dan Sikap terhadap Sufisme. Hidayattulah.

Cottais, C. (2021). Radical Feminism. Journal IGG.

Debbie, C., & Scanlon, J. (2014). Convergences et divergences entre le féminisme radical et la théorie queer. Nouvelles Questions Féministes, 33(2).

Freedom House. (2023). Freedom House Scores Index.

Fuad, A. N. (1994). RESPON ‘ULAMA SHI‘AH TERHADAP REVOLUSI KONSTITUSIONAL 1906-1911 DI IRAN: SUATU TINJAUAN SOSIO-HISTORIS. IAIN Sunan Ampel.

Harbani, R. (2022). Dalil Memakai Jilbab bagi Muslimah dalam Al-Qur’an.

Haris, M. (2018). Situasi Politik Pemerintahan Dinasti Umayyah dan Abbasiyah. TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam, 10(2), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v10i2.79

Ibad, F., & Muta’ali, A. (2021). Identitas dan Kebijakan Luar Negeri: Konstruksi Identitas dalam Kebijakan Luar Negeri Tunisia Pasca Revolusi. Jurnal Middle East and Islamic Studies, 1(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7454/meis.v8i1.130

ICID. (2023). Iranian Geography.

Iran Constitution. (1979). Iran (Islamic Republic of)’s Constitution of 1979 with Amendments through 1989. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iran_1989.pdf

Iwan, G. (2000). Buku Pintar Seri Senior Plus 20 Negara Baru.

Jamsheed, F. (2012). Tajuk: Pemilu Semu dengan Pemenang Semu.

Manucehri, A. (2019). Sistem Politik Republik Islam Iran (A. Mulyadi (ed.); I). RAUSYANFIKR INSTITUTE.

Nurwahidin, Miqdad, M., & Djunaid, J. (2021). Hubungan Islam dan Negara Dalam Perspektif Pemikiran Sekuler Ali Abdurraziq. Jurnal Middle East and Islamic Studies, 8(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7454/meis.v8i2.140

O’Neill, P. H. (2010). Essentials of Comparative Politics Third Edition. W. W. Norton & Company.

Rais, M. (2018). Sejarah Perkembangan Islam di Iran. TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam, 10(2), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v10i2.73

Rizvi, M. (2022). The Hijab, The Muslim Women’s Dress, Islamic or Cultural? https://www.al-islam.org/hijab-muslim-womens-dress-islamic-or-cultural-sayyid-muhammad-rizvi/quran-and-hijab

Saefuddin, D. (2011). Sejarah Islam Persia. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.

The Guardian. (2022). Iran reviewing mandatory headscarf law amid ongoing protests.

Time. (2022). What to Know About the Iranian Protests Over Mahsa Amini’s Death.

Vile, M. J. C. (1998). Constitutionalism and the Separation of Power. In Montesquieu and the Separation of Powers. Liberty Fund.

Wibowo, A. B. (2023). Afghanistan, Neo-Taliban And the Possibility of Terrorism Escasion in Indonesia From a National Security Perspective. Jurnal Middle East and Islamic Studies, 10(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7454/meis.v10i1.157

VoA. (2022). Women in Turkey Protest Iranian Woman’s Death.

Wijayanto, N. W., & Ulinnuha, R. (2022). Resistensi Perempuan Iran Terhadap Kebijakan Wajib Berhijab Pada Era Hassan Rouhani. Musãwa, 21(2), 171–186. https://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/pusat/MUSAWA/article/view/2705/2091

You, Y. (2021). Patriarki, Ketidakadilan Gender, dan Kekerasan atas Perempuan: Model Laki-Laki Baru Masyarakat Hubula Suku Dani . Nusamedia. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=gqNsEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Patriarkhi+merupakan+system+sosial+dimana+kekuasaan+dan+otoritas+terpusat+pada+pria.&ots=Fbt8Zsm5iV&sig=kVKEaARelbYfz2BX0Z2Dr_3FKZ0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Recommended Citation

Hergianasari, Putri and Wijanarka, Tunjung (2023) "Reigniting the Flame of Change: The Resurgence of Iran’s Radical Feminist Movement in the Aftermath of Mahsa Ahmini’s Death," Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies: Vol. 10: No. 2, Article 7.
DOI: 10.7454/meis.v10i2.168
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/meis/vol10/iss2/7