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Abstract

This article aims to describe the new risks that emerged in mitigating the risk of FETO (Fethullah Gulen Terrorist Organization) in Turkey during President Erdogan's era. By having its own view of the state order and its strong network in 150 countries, the Gulen Movement is considered to threaten the existence of the ideology of the Turkish state, especially during the leadership of President Erdogan. After the failed coup attempt on July 15, 2016, the Gulen Movement was designated as a dangerous group called FETO as it was considered responsible for the incident. Furthermore, the Turkish government adopted an anti-terror policy that was preventive to repressive by implementing risk management in it. This article uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of literature studies which include: Official Document Based, and Internet Based Research. Using Selchow's (2014) four dynamics, this article finds that the actions taken by the Turkish government have an impact on the emergence of new problems and risks. These risks include the degradation of democracy and human rights violations, especially for Turkish citizens who are exposed to the “clean the state” agenda.

Bahasa Abstract

Artikel ini memaparkan risiko baru yang muncul dalam mitigasi risiko terorisme Kelompok FETO (Fethullah Gulen Terrorist Organization) di Turki pada masa Presiden Erdogan. Dengan pandangannya terhadap tatanan negara dan jaringannya yang kuat di 150 negara, Gulen Movement dianggap mengancam eksistensi ideologi negara Turki terutama pada masa kepemimpinan Presiden Erdogan. Pasca kudeta yang gagal pada 15 Juli 2016, Gulen Movement ditetapkan sebagai kelompok yang berbahaya dengan julukan FETO karena dianggap bertanggung jawab atas insiden tersebut. Selanjutnya, pemerintah Turki mengambil kebijakan anti-teror yang bersifat preventif hingga represif dengan menerapkan manajemen resiko di dalamnya. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi literatur yang meliputi: Official Document Based, dan Internet Based Researh. Dengan menggunakan empat dinamika milik Selchow (2014), artikel ini menemukan bahwa tindakan yang diambil pemerintah Turki berdampak pada munculnya problematika dan risiko baru. Risiko tersebut diantaranya adalah degradasi demokrasi dan pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia, khususnya bagi warga negara Turki yang terkena agenda “pembersihan”.


References

Aydintasbas, A. 2016. The Good, The Bad, and The Gulenists: The Role of The Gulen Movement in Turkey’s Coup Attempt. European Council on Foreign Relatios. BBC Indonesia. 2018. Buntut kudeta yang gagal, Turki kembali pecat 18.000 tentara, polisi, guru dan PNS. < https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-44756169 >, diakses pada 12 september 2020 Dogan, R. 2020. Political Islamists in Turkey and the Gülen Movement. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. Hardoko, Evan. 2017. Turki Bekukan Paspor Pebasket NBA Pendukung Fethullah Gulen.. , diakses pada 12 september 2020 Pratama, Aulia Bintang & Sinuko, Damar. 2016. Penutupan Sekolah Afiliasi Gulen Tidak Mudah. (Online) < https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20160729194846-20-148033/penutupan-sekolah-afiliasi- 18 fethullah-gulen-tidak-mudah>, diakses pada 15 Spetember 2020 Selchow, S. 2015. Chapter 4: Security Policy and (Global) Risk(s). In M. K. Rangelov, The Handbook of Global Security Policy (p. 541). United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Rohman, Syaiful & Nurhasanah, Siti (2019). Paham Radikalisme Berdasarkan Perspektif Agama (Radicalism Based On Religious Perspective), Journal of Terrorism Studies, Volume 1, No. 1 ISSN : 2656-9965 Taş, Hakki. 2018. A history of Turkey’s AKP-Gülen conflict, Mediterranean Politics, 23:3, 395-402, DOI: 10.1080/13629395.2017.1328766 Tunggul, Lucie. 2018. “The Lost Opportunity Window of the Gulen Movement in Turkey”. Slovak Journal of Political Sciences. Yaya, Mehmet. 2009. “Terrorism and Tourism: The Case of Turkey”. Defence and Peace Economics, 20:6, 477-497

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