"Bunuh Diri Dan Untai Problematikanya" by Nastiti Soegeng Lestari
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Abstract

In Indonesia, suicide research has largely overlooked structural factors at the meso and macro levels, whether as primary causes, contributing factors, or considerations for prevention strategies. The dominance of psychological and psychiatric approaches has marginalized sociological perspectives, limiting a more holistic understanding of suicide. Existing heuristic models primarily frame suicide as a consequence of mental health disorders or economic conditions, reinforcing a dichotomy: one perspective views suicide as a psychological and/or psychiatric phenomenon, while the other treats it as a sociological fact. However, suicide encompasses a far more complex reality that transcends this binary. This study offers a comprehensive theoretical reconstruction, demonstrating that suicide is not merely a psychological, psychiatric, or social issue but an interdisciplinary phenomenon. Through a literature review, this paper proposes an integrative theoretical model that bridges disciplinary divides and provides a framework for more effective prevention strategies. Ultimately, this study argues that an interdisciplinary approach is not only preferable but essential for addressing the multidimensional nature of suicide.

Abstrak

Di Indonesia, faktor-faktor struktural di tingkat meso atau makro pada umumnya tidak mewarnai telaah atas persoalan bunuh diri, baik sebagai penyebab utama, faktor penyerta, ataupun strategi pencegahan. Dominasi pendekatan psikologi dan psikiatris dalam persoalan ini adalah salah satu penyebab hilangnya aspek sosial, pun telaah ilmiah sosiologis atasnya. Desain heuristik yang diterapkan pada umumnya membahas bunuh diri yang disebabkan oleh persoalan mental dan kondisi kesejahteraan, atau ekonomi sebagai determinan struktural. Hal ini memunculkan polaritas, dengan kecenderungan tautologis yang kontestatif, bahwa bunuh diri, di satu polar adalah fakta psikologi dan/atau psikiatri, dan di polar lain sebagai fakta sosiologis. Pada kenyataannya, persoalan bunuh diri memiliki dimensi faktual yang jauh lebih beragam dari polaritas tersebut. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk memetakan ulang fenomena bunuh diri dalam satu tinjauan teoritik yang komprehensif, untuk menunjukkan jika problem ini tidak sekadar fakta psikologis, psikiatris, atau sosial, tetapi fakta interdisipliner. Melalui riset kepustakaan tulisan ini mengusulkan satu model teoritik integratif atas persoalan bunuh diri dan kerangka strategi pencegahan atasnya. Saya berkeyakinan jika urgensitas teoritifikasi interdisipliner lebih utama daripada penguatan ego disipliner untuk sebuah problematika yang sejatinya multidimensional ini.

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