"Social Capital, Institutional Change, and Rural Development" by Ahmad Imron Rozuli, La Ode Machdani Afala et al.
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Abstract

This study examines the development process in transmigration areas, utilizing the social capital concept in the study of three transmigration villages: Mekar Jaya, Wapae, and Suka Damai. We interviewed stakeholders, made observations, and analysed documents to collect data. Our findings highlight the important role of social capital and institutional change in supporting village development. Three critical factors emerged: First, village development involves the transfer of skills from the area of origin to the area of migration endowed with strong work ethics (etos kerja), particularly in agricultural and business sectors. Second, strong networks formed through ethnic and religious ties facilitate information sharing and cooperation, aligning the interests of the community and the village govenrment. Third, institutional changes in village autonomy and regional expansion significantly influence the village development process, strengthening communities’ social capital while reshaping the state-society relationship to become more democratic. Despite some progress, the village transformation, however, has yet to have a significant impact on improving the community’s prosperity.

Abstrak

Studi ini mengkaji proses pembangunan di kawasan transmigrasi dengan menggunakan konsep modal sosial, dengan fokus pada tiga desa transmigrasi: Mekar Jaya, Wapae, dan Suka Damai. Untuk mengumpulkan data, kami melakukan wawancara dengan pemangku kepentingan, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Temuan kami menyoroti peran penting modal sosial dan perubahan kelembagaan dalam mendukung pembangunan desa. Tiga faktor utama yang muncul adalah: Pertama, pembangunan desa melibatkan transfer keterampilan dari daerah asal ke daerah tujuan transmigrasi yang didukung oleh etos kerja yang kuat, terutama di sektor pertanian dan bisnis. Kedua, jaringan yang kuat yang terbentuk melalui ikatan etnis dan agama memfasilitasi pertukaran informasi dan kerja sama, yang pada akhirnya menyelaraskan kepentingan masyarakat dengan pemerintah desa. Ketiga, perubahan kelembagaan dalam hal otonomi desa dan pemekaran wilayah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap proses pembangunan desa. Perubahan ini memperkuat modal sosial masyarakat sekaligus membentuk kembali hubungan negara-masyarakat menjadi lebih demokratis. Meskipun telah terjadi kemajuan, transformasi desa masih belum memberikan dampak yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.

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