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Abstract

In recent years, tobacco farmers on the slopes of Mount Sindoro and Sumbing (Sinsu), Central Java, have experienced a downturn due to the increasingly falling price of dry chopped tobacco. Instead of making a profit, they are in debt to middlemen, which they may not be able to pay off until the next planting season. As a result, many of the farmers decided to switch to agricultural cultivation or quit tobacco altogether. This research argues that the process of the farmers’ leaving tobacco is also influenced by the dynamics of access and the moral economy, as manifest in the metaphor of the "immoral plant". This research applied ethnographic method to trace the long flow of tobacco distribution which contains moral economic practices and complicated access mechanisms which tend to be detrimental to tobacco farmers. The research was conducted using ethnographic methods on three groups of farmers, namely: farmers who continued to grow tobacco in the dry season, then switched to planting vegetables in the rainy season; farmers switching completely to vegetable crops; and farmers who looked for other professions outside of agriculture.

Bahasa Abstract

Beberapa tahun terakhir, petani tembakau di lereng gunung Sindoro dan Sumbing (Sinsu) mengalami keterpurukan akibat semakin jatuhnya harga tembakau kering rajangan. Alih-alih mendapat keuntungan, mereka malah terjerat utang kepada tengkulak, yang belum tentu bisa mereka lunasi hingga musim tanam berikutnya. Akibatnya, banyak petani memutuskan untuk beralih budidaya pertanian atau keluar dari tembakau. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa proses keluarnya petani dari tembakau turut dipengaruhi oleh dinamika antara moral ekonomi dan mekanisme akses, sebagaimana termanifestasi dalam metafor “tanaman maksiat”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnografi untuk menelusuri alur distribusi tembakau yang panjang dan mengandung praktik-praktik moral ekonomi serta mekanisme akses yang rumit, yang cenderung merugikan petani tembakau. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap tiga kelompok petani, yakni: petani yang tetap menanam tembakau di musim kemarau, lalu beralih menanam sayuran di musim hujan; petani yang beralih sepenuhnya ke tanaman sayuran; dan petani yang mencari profesi lain di luar pertanian.

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