Abstract
Several studies have noted that electoral support for one of the Islamist parties in Indonesia, the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), is mostly concentrated in urban areas. While I agree with this observation, I found that these studies did not pay adequate attention to the diversity of socio-political conditions in urban areas that contributed to the varying electoral support for PKS. One of these socio-political conditions is what Lipset and Rokkan (1967) conceptualized as cleavages (divisions of society). Based on the results of 2014 and 2019 local parliamentary elections in Javan urban areas, I argue that there are three cleavage patterns formed in these areas, namely single dominant, dyadic dominant, and fragmented. Each cleavage pattern has implications for the formation of a type of support for PKS. In regions with single dominant and dyadic dominant cleavages, the Islamist party tends to receive moderate or low support. Further, compared to the the support gained by the winning party, PKS’ votes tends to be much lower. However, in areas with fragmented cleavage, PKS tends to receive high or moderate support, and the votes gained by PKS tend to be comparable to that of the winning party. The data in this article were obtained from secondary data regarding PKS’ gains in the legislative elections for district/city parliaments in 2014 and 2019 in 46 urban areas in Java, online interviews, and literature studies.
Bahasa Abstract
Beberapa studi berpandangan bahwa dukungan elektoral terhadap salah satu partai Islamis di Indonesia, Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS), terpusat di daerah-daerah urban. Saya setuju dengan hal itu, tetapi studi-studi itu kurang memperhatikan keragaman kondisi sosial-politik di daerah-daerah urban yang turut membentuk dukungan elektoral yang juga bervariasi terhadap PKS. Salah satu dari kondisi sosial-politik itu adalah apa yang dikonseptualisasikan oleh Lipset dan Rokkan (1967) sebagai cleavage (pembelahan masyarakat). Berdasarkan kasus di daerah-daerah urban di Jawa dalam pemilihan anggota parlemen lokal tahun 2014 dan 2019, saya berargumen bahwa terdapat tiga pola cleavage yang terbentuk di daerah-daerah tersebut, yaitu dominan tunggal, dominan ganda, dan terfragmentasi. Setiap pola cleavage berimplikasi pada terbentuknya suatu tipe dukungan terhadap PKS. Pada daerah-daerah dengan cleavage dominan tunggal dan dominan ganda, partai Islamis itu cenderung memperoleh dukungan yang sedang atau rendah. Dukungan yang didapatkan PKS dengan yang diperoleh partai pemenang pun cenderung timpang. Di daerah-daerah dengan cleavage yang terfragmentasi, PKS cenderung mendapatkan dukungan yang tinggi atau sedang. Dukungan terhadap PKS dibandingkan dengan dukungan terhadap partai pemenang pun relatif tidak timpang. Data dalam artikel ini diperoleh dari data sekunder mengenai perolehan kursi PKS dalam pemilihan anggota parlemen kabupaten/kota tahun 2014 dan 2019 di 46 daerah urban di Jawa, wawancara daring, dan studi pustaka.
Recommended Citation
Alamsyah, Andi Rahman
(2021)
"Cleavages and Electoral Support to Islamist Party in Javan Urban Areas: The Case of Prosperous Justice Party,"
Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi: Vol. 26:
No.
2, Article 1.
DOI: 10.7454/MJS.v26i2.12581
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/mjs/vol26/iss2/1
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