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Abstract

The high number of bullying cases among students is one of the problems of education in Indonesia. Previous studies stated that socio economic status (SES), social capital, ethnicity and parenting were the factors leading to the practice of bullying in schools. Students with low SES levels more often fall victim to bullying compared to students who have high SES levels. Likewise, with social capital, students who have a low level of popularity and weak social networks are more vulnerable of bullying from their friends.In addition, victims of bullying are often students from ethnic minorities. Students who become victims of bullying also tend to have strict and overprotective parents. By using a quantitative approach in the form of a survey and binary logistic regression data processing technique, in this article the author uses two main variables, namely SES and social capital, which is then analysed using multicausal analysis simultaneously to observe the more dominant factors in influencing the practice of bullying at school. The results show that students who have low social capital are six times more likely to be victims than students who have high social capital.Meanwhile, the SES level variable is stated not to correlate with bullying in SMAN X in Karawang, West Java. Therefore, the variable of social capital is known to be a more dominant factor as a causeof the practice of bullying compared to the variable of SES level.

Bahasa Abstract

Jumlah kasus perundungan (bullying) yang tinggi di kalangan pelajar merupakan salah satu permasalahan pendidikan di Indonesia. Studi-studi sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa status sosial ekonomi (SSE), modal sosial, etnisitas dan pola asuh merupakan faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya praktik perundungan di sekolah. Siswa dengan tingkat SSE rendah lebih sering menjadi korban perundungan dibandingkan siswa yang memiliki tingkat SSE tinggi. Begitupun dengan modal sosial, siswa yang memiliki tingkat popularitas rendah dan jaringan sosial yang lemah lebih rawan dirundung teman-temannya. Selain itu, seringkali korban perundungan juga merupakan siswa yang berasal dari etnis minoritas. Siswa yang menjadi korban perundungan juga berkaitan dengan didikan orang tua yang keras dan overprotective (melindungi secara berlebihan). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berupa survei dan teknik olah data regresi logistik biner, dalam artikel ini penulis hanya menggunakan dua variabel utama, yaitu SSE dan modal sosial, yang kemudian dilakukan analisis multisebab terhadap kedua variabel tersebut secara bersamaan untuk melihat faktor yang lebih dominan dalam mempengaruhi praktik perundungan di sekolah. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang memiliki modal sosial rendah 6 kali lebih berpotensi menjadi korban dibandingkan dengan siswa yang memiliki modal sosial tinggi. Sementara itu, variabel tingkat SSE dinyatakan tidak berkorelasi dengan viktimisasi perundungan di SMAN X di Karawang, Jawa Barat. Oleh karena itu, variabel modal sosial diketahui merupakan faktor yang lebih dominan sebagai penyebab terjadinya praktik perundungan dibandingkan dengan variabel tingkat SSE.

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