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Abstract

The Ahmadiyya religious group has been present in Indonesia since the 1920s. The reli- gious group is divided into two different subgroups, namely Gerakan Ahmadiyah Indone- sia (GAI) and Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI). In the reform era, the JAI community has to face a less favorable situation. The Heresy Fatwa issued by Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) in 1980 had put this group into an even more difficult position. The reform era government seemed to give a greater opportunity for anti-Ahmadiyya dominant Islamic groups to commit violence towards this group. JAI communities in various areas expe- rienced various forms of discrimination and violence, such as the closure of mosques, assaults, and expulsions. Dealing with this situation, JAI,with their belief of peaceful Islam, tried to develop persuasive cultural approaches to survive and subsequently to be accepted by the society. This article aims to analyze JAI as a new social movement based on their cultural approaches to maintain their existence in the society. These efforts reflect the occurrence of the revival of collective identity, which also becomes the characteristic of this movement.

Bahasa Abstract

Kelompok keagamaan Ahmadiyah telah masuk ke Indonesia sejak tahun 1920-an. Ke- lompok ini terbagi menjadi dua subkelompok yang berbeda, yaitu Gerakan Ahmadiyah Indonesia (GAI) dan Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia (JAI). Setelah masa reformasi, ko- munitas JAI dihadapkan pada situasi yang kurang menguntungkan. Fatwa Kesesatan yang dikeluarkan oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) pada tahun 1980 membuat posisi kelompok ini semakin sulit. Pemerintah pascareformasi bahkan seakan memberikan ruang gerak yang lebih besar kepada kelompok-kelompok Islam dominan anti-Ahmadiyah un- tuk melakukan kekerasan terhadap kelompok ini. Komunitas-komunitas JAI di berbagai daerah di Indonesia mengalami diskriminasi dan kekerasan, seperti penutupan masjid, penyerangan, dan pengusiran. Menyikapi hal ini, JAI yang memiliki dasar ajaran Islam yang damai mengembangkan pendekatan-pendekatan kultural yang bersifat persuasif agar mereka dapat bertahan dan selanjutnya diterima oleh masyarakat luas. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis JAI sebagai gerakan sosial baru berdasarkan pendekatan kultural yang dikembangkannya untuk dapat mempertahankan eksistensinya di tengah masyarakat. Upaya ini selanjutnya mencerminkan terjadinya kebangkitan identitas kolek tif yang juga menjadi ciri dari gerakan ini.

References

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