Abstract

Perilaku merokok memberikan dampak negatif, baik bagi perokok aktif maupun pasif, ditinjau dari sudut pandang kesehatan maupun ekonomi. Regulasi mengenai Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) yang telah diterbitkan belum ada yang mengatur mengenai penerapan KTR di tingkat rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan perilaku melalui intervensi terpadu KTR pada tingkat rumah tangga. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli - September 2014 menggunakan desain cluster trial pada empat desa di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan. Selanjutnya, 200 sampel kepala keluarga dipilih melalui metode cluster random sampling. Intervensi yang dilakukan meliputi konseling terpadu, pemberian permen pengganti rokok, dan tabungan sehat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi responden yang merokok setiap hari dalam sebulan terakhir dan komitmen untuk tidak akan merokok di masa yang akan datang mencapai 71,6% dan 62% pada kelompok intervensi serta 91% dan 38% pada kelompok non-intervensi. Intervensi ini berpeluang 46% mengurangi perilaku merokok responden (RP = 0,46) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel pendidikan (RP = 0,152) dan sikap (RP = 0,216) dengan nilai p < 0,0001. Intervensi terpadu ini terbukti berhasil mengubah perilaku merokok pada kawasan rumah tangga sehingga diperlukan partisipasi masyarakat dan dinas kesehatan setempat untuk menindaklanjuti penerapan intervensi ini dalam jangka panjang. Smoking behavior has negative impacts, both for active and passive smokers, as reviewed from health and economic perspectives. Regulation concerning non-smoking area issued has not yet arranged implementation of non-smoking area at household level. This study aimed to identify any behavior change through integrated intervention of non-smoking area at household level. This study was conducted on July - September 2014 using cluster trial design in four villages at Ogan Ilir District, South Sumatra. Then 200 household head samples were selected through cluster random sampling method. The intervention included integrated counseling, distribution of candy as substitute for cigarette, and healthy saving. Results of study showed that proportion of respondents who smoked every day in a recent month and had a commitment not to smoke in the future reached 71.6% and 62% in the intervention group, then 91% and 38% in the non-intervention group respectively. This intervension had opportunity worth 46% reducing the smoking behavior of the respondents (RP= 0.46) after controlled by the variable of education (RP = 0.152) and attitude (RP = 0.216) with p value < 0.0001. This integrated intervention was profoundly successful changing smoking behavior at household level. So that, public participation and health agency need to follow up the implementation of this intervention in a long term.

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