Abstract

Faktor internal komunitas yang berperan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat bidang kesehatan adalah kepemimpinan dan modal sosial, sedangkan faktor eksternal komunitas yang berperan adalah akses informasi kesehatan, petugas dan fasilitator kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui dan menganalisis peran kepemimpinan, modal sosial, akses informasi kesehatan, petugas, dan fasilitator kesehatan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat bidang kesehatan. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif melalui metode studi kasus terpancang. Penelitian dilakukan selama tiga bulan di Kabupaten Tulungagung, Jawa Timur dengan mengambil dua desa, yaitu Desa Bulus di Kecamatan Bandung dan Desa Tanggul Kundung di Kecamatan Besuki tahun 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran kepemimpinan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat bidang kesehatan pada program Desa Siaga adalah menyebarluaskan informasi, memberikan contoh, menyadarkan, memotivasi, membimbing, menggerakkan sasaran dan masyarakat, memfasilitasi dan mengalokasikan sumber daya. Peran modal sosial adalah saling percaya, kekerabatan, pertemanan, pertetanggaan, norma sosial, tolong menolong, kerjasama, dan jaringan masyarakat. Peran akses informasi kesehatan adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kesehatan, mengambil keputusan, dan meminta pelayanan kesehatan. Peran petugas kesehatan adalah sosialisasi, memberikan petunjuk, melatih, membina, memfasilitasi, menumbuhkembangkan partisipasi, serta memantau dan mengevaluasi program. Sedangkan peran fasilitator kesehatan adalah sosialisasi, memotivasi, memengaruhi pengambilan keputusan, memediasi masyarakat dan pemerintah, memfasilitasi dan menumbuhkembangkan partisipasi. The internal factors of community contributing to public empowerment in health sector were leadership and social capital, meanwhile the external factors included health information access, health duty and facilitator. This study aimed to determine and analyze the roles of leadership, social capital, information access, and health duty and facilitator within public empowerment in health sector. The study design was cross sectional with qualitative study approach through embeded case study method. The study was conducted in Tulungagung District, East Java by taking two villages namely Bulus Village at Bandung Subdistrict and Tanggul Kundung Village at Besuki Subdistrict in 2013. The result showed the roles of leadership and public empowerment in health sector in Alert Village program were spreading information, giving examples, awakening, motivating, educating, moving targets and the public, facilitating and allocating resources. The roles of social capital were mutual trust, kinship, friendship, neighborhood, social norms, mutual help and public network. The roles of health information access were improving health knowledge and skill, making decision and asking for health services. The roles of health duty were socialization, giving instructions, training, building, facilitating, developing participation as well as monitoring and evaluating the program. Meanwhile, the roles of health facilitators were socialization, motivating, influencing decision making, mediating public and government, facilitating and developing participation.

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