Lama Merokok dan Jumlah Konsumsi Rokok terhadap Trombosit pada Laki-laki Perokok Aktif

Authors

Rini Sundari, Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Laboratorium Patologi Klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani CimahiFollow
Dinyar Supiadi Widjaya, Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Laboratorium Patologi Klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani CimahiFollow
Aditya Nugraha, Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Laboratorium Patologi Klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani CimahiFollow

Abstract

Jumlah perokok dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi mengalami peningkatan dari waktu ke waktu. Rokok dapat memengaruhi trombosit yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis lama merokok dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi terhadap jumlah trombosit, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet crit (PCT), dan platelet large cell ratio (PLCR). Penelitian dilakukan di Pabrik Garmen Cimahi pada tahun 2014 yang diikuti oleh 31 laki-laki perokok aktif berusia 19 - 50 (32,97 + 10,28) tahun, 70,9% di antaranya sebagai perokok sedang. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk, dan uji korelasi Spearman’s rho. Peserta telah merokok selama minimal dan maksimal dengan rata-rata (+ SB), yaitu 3 - 25 tahun (10,48 + 6,33) dan konsumsi rokok sebanyak 5 - 25 batang per hari (13,10 + 4,99). Jumlah trombosit 171 - 422 (280,9 + 56,2) x 10^3 sel/mm3, MPV 8,8 - 13,6 (10,14 + 0,93) fL, PDW 8,7 - 13,8 (10,27 + 1,22) fL, PLCR 14,4 - 38,8% (24,91 + 5,46), dan PCT 0,1 - 0,4%(0,28 + 0,06). Sebaran ukuran trombosit ditemukan normal, namun dengan ukuran besar sesuai nilai MPV dan PLCR yang tinggi. PCT normal berkorelasi sangat kuat dengan jumlah trombosit. Jumlah batang rokok yang dikonsumsi berkorelasi lemah dengan lamanya merokok. Lama merokok dan jumlah rokok yang dikonsumsi berkorelasi negatif dengan jumlah trombosit, MPV, PDW maupun PLCR. Number of smokers and cigarette consumption are increasing from time to time. Cigarettes influence thrombocytes which may cause cardiovascular disorder. This study was a cross sectional study aiming to analyze smoking period and cigarette consumption number toward the number of thrombocytes, MPV, PDW, PCT and PLCR. This study was conducted at Cimahi Garment Factory in 2014 participated by 31 active male smokers in age of 19 - 50 (32,97+10,28) years old in which 70,9% of them were medium smokers. Data analysis was conducted descriptively, using Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Spearman’s rho correlation test. Participants had been smoking for the minimum and maximum 3 - 25 (10.48 + 6.33) years and 5 - 25 (13.10 + 4.99) cigarettes in average per day. The number of thrombocytes was worth 171 - 422 (280,9 + 56,2)x10^3 cells/mm3, MPV 8.8 - 13.6 (10.14 + 0.93) fL, PDW 8.7 - 13.8 (10.27+ 1.22) fL, PLCR 14.4 - 38.8% (24.91 + 5.46) and PCT 0.1 - 0.4% (0.28 + 0.06). PDW was found normal with the giant shape in accordance with the high MPV and PLCR value. PCT was normal correlated strongly with thrombocyte number. The cigarette consumption number had a weak correlation with the smoking period. The smoking period and the cigarette consumption number had a negative correlation with the number of thrombocytes, MPV, PDW and PLCR.

References

1. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan riset kesehatan dasar tahun 2010. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2010.

2. Dhae A. Remaja dominasi perokok aktif di Indonesia [online]. Jakarta: TCSC Indonesia; 2014 [diakses tanggal 5 Agustus 2014]. Diunduh dari: http://www.tcsc-indonesia.org/remaja-dominasi-perokok-aktif-di-indonesia/.

3. Achadi A. Regulasi pengendalian masalah rokok di Indonesia. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. 2008; 2(4): 161-5.

4. Hidayat B, Thabrany H. Model spesifikasi dinamis permintaan rokok: rasionalkah perokok Indonesia? Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. 2008; 3(3): 99-108.

5. Yudha DN, Prabandari YS, Purwanta. Tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi terhadap shisha pada mahasiswa. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. 2014; 9(1): 19-26.

6. Ng M, Freeman MK, Fleming TD, Robinson M, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Thomson B, et al. Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980-2012. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2014 Jan 8; 311(2):183-92.

7. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Konsumsi Rokok dan Prevalensi Merokok. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2004.

8. Padmavathi P, Reddy V, Maturu P, Varadacharyulu N. Smoking-induced alterations in platelet membrane fluidity and Na(+)K(+)-ATPase activity in chronic cigarette smokers. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. 2010; 17(6): 619-27.

9. Yarlioglues M, Ardic I, Dogdu O, Akpek M, Zencir C, Kasapkara HA, et al. The acute effects of passive smoking on mean platelet volume in healthy volunteers. Angiology. 2012 Jul; 63(5): 353-7.

10. Laffan M, Manning R. Investigation of haemostasis. In: Bain B, Bates I, Laffan M, Lewis S, editors. Dacie and Lewis practical haematology. 11th ed. London Philadelphia Toronto: Churchil Livingstone; 2012. p. 393-445.

11. Ting HJ, Khasawneh FT. Platelet function and isoprostane biology. Should isoprostanes be the newest member of the orphan-ligand family? Journal of Biomedical Science. 2010; 17(1): 24.

12. Ljungberg LU, Persson K, Eriksson AC, Green H, Whiss PA. Effects of nicotine, its metabolites and tobacco extracts on human platelet function in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2013 Mar; 27(2): 932-8.

13. Liu C, Yang Y, He M, Yao P, Chen W, Liang Y. Passive smoke exposure was related to mean platelet volume in never-smokers. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2014 Jul; 38(4): 519-28.

14. Hioki H, Aoki N, Kawano K, Homori M, Hasumura Y, Yasumura T, et al. Acute effects of cigarette smoking on platelet-dependent thrombin generation. European Heart Journal. 2001 Jan; 22(1): 56-61.

15. Butkiewicz AM, Kemona-Chetnik I, Dymicka-Piekarska V, MatowickaKarna J, Kemona H, Radziwon P. Does smoking affect thrombocytopoiesis and platelet activation in women and men? Advances in Medical Science. 2006; 51: 123-6.

16. Sysmex. Automated hematology analyzer XS series. XS-1000i/XS-800i. Instruction for use. Kobe: Sysmex Corporation; 2010.

17. Sundari R, Widjaya DS, Nugraha A. Karakteristik trombosit berdasarkan jumlah trombosit, MPV, PDW, PLCR, dan PCT pada perokok aktif. Dipresentasikan pada Seminar The 1st Indonesian Conference on Tobacco on Health (ICTOH) 2014 In: Tobacco Control Support Center, editor. Proceeding The 1st Indonesian Conference on Tobacco on Health (ICTOH) 2014, Tobacco control: saves llives, saves money. Jakarta: TCSC IAKMI; 2014.

18. Kohden N. Celltac a hematology analyzer MEK-6318K. Operator’s manual: Nihon Kohden; 2002.

19. Briggs C, Harrison P, Machin S. Platelet counting. In: Michelson A, ed. Platelet. 2nd ed. Amsterdam Sydney Tokyo Singapore: Elsevier; 2007. p. 475-84.

20. Bates I, Lewis S. Reference ranges and normal values. In: Bain B, Bates I, Laffan M, Lewis S, editors. Dacie and Lewis practical haematology. 11th ed. London Philadelphia Toronto: Churchil Livingstone; 2012. p. 11-22.

21. Suryaatmadja M, editor. Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Patologi Klinik Indonesia. SI units. Tabel konversi sistem satuan SI-konvensional dan nilai rujukan dewasa-anak. Parameter Laboratorium Klinik. Jakarta Indonesia: PDS PatKlin; 2004.

22. Al-Dahr MHS. Impact of smoking on platelet, coagulation and lipid profile in young male subjects. World Applied Sciences Journal. 2010; 11(1): 118-23.

23. Miri-Moghaddam E, Mirzaei R, Arab MR, Kaikha S. The effect of water pipe smoking on hematological parameters in rats. International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research. 2014; 8(3): 37-43.

24. Calverley D, Thienelt C. Platelet function in hemostasis and thrombosis. In: Greer J, Foerster J, Lukens J, Rodgers G, Paraskevas F, Glader B, editors. Wintrobe’s clinical hematology. 12th ed. Philadelphia Sydney Tokyo: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009. p. 490-516.

25. White J. Platelet structure. In: Michelson A, editor. Platelet. 2nd ed. Amsterdam Sydney Tokyo Singapore: Elsevier; 2007. p. 45-74.

26. Stratmann B, Menart B, Tschoepe D. Diabetes mellitus. In: Michelson A, editor. Platelet. 2nd ed. Amsterdam Sydney Tokyo Singapore: Elsevier; 2007. p. 697-712

27. McEver R. P-Selectin/PSGL-1 and Other interactions between platelets, leukocytes, and endothelium. In: Michelson A, editor. Platelet. 2nd ed. Amsterdam Sydney Tokyo Singapore: Elsevier; 2007. p. 231-50.

28. Pretorius E. Ultrastructural changes in platelet membranes due to cigarette smoking. Ultrastructural Pathology. 2012; 36: 239-43.

29. Nanetti L, Vignini A, Raffaelli F, Moroni C, Silvestrini M, Provinciali L, et al. Platelet membrane fluidity and Na+/K+ ATPase activity in acute stroke. Brain Research. 2008;1205:21-6.

30. Weinberg J. Mononuclear phagocytes. In: Greer J, Foerster J, Lukens J, Rodgers G, Paraskevas F, Glader B, ed. Wintrobe’s clinical hematology. 12thVan Demark

31. Sahu RP, Petraehe I, Van Denmark MJ, Rashid BM, Ocana JA, Tang Y, et al. Cigarette smokeexposure inhibits contactc hypersensitivity via the generation of platelete activating factor agonist. Journal of Immunology. 2013; 190 (5): 2447-54

Recommended Citation

Sundari R , Widjaya DS , Nugraha A , et al. Lama Merokok dan Jumlah Konsumsi Rokok terhadap Trombosit pada Laki-laki Perokok Aktif. Kesmas. 2015; 9(3): 257-263
DOI: 10.21109/kesmas.v9i3.692
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/kesmas/vol9/iss3/9