Abstract

Demam berdarah dengue ditularkan nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang dapat dicegah dengan temefos. Penggunaan yang berkelanjutan berdampak pada resistensi nyamuk dan kerusakan lingkungan. Untuk itu perlu larvasida alami dengan menggunakan air perasan kulit jeruk manis. Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan efektivitas air perasan kulit jeruk manis dalam membunuh larva uji dilihat dari nilai LC50 dan LT50 serta perbedaan efektivitasnya dengan temefos. Sampel 25 larva Aedes aegypti setiap gelas media dengan kriteria inklusi instar III yang aktif dan kriteria eksklusi larva instar I, II dan yang telah menjadi pupa/mati. Larva uji diamati selama 24 jam dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimental murni. Tempat penelitian di Laboratorium Entomologi Universitas Ahmad Dahlan pada Juni 2014. Larvasida alami dibuat dengan menghaluskan kulit jeruk manis dan disaring sampai diperoleh sarinya. Konsentrasi yang digunakan adalah 0,05%; 0,2%; 0,4%; 0,6%; 0,8%; 1%; 1,2%; dan 1,4%. Penetapan konsentrasi berdasarkan pada uji pendahuluan, kematian larva tertinggi pada konsentrasi 1% dan terendah pada 0%. Pengolahan data dengan analisis regresi linear dan regresi probit. Air perasan kulit jeruk manis efektif sebagai larvasida nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Nilai LC50 adalah 0,731% dan nilai LT50 adalah 13.211 jam. Kelompok perlakuan yang dibandingkan dengan temfos (kontrol positif) menghasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada konsentrasi 0,05% ; 0,2%; 0,4% dan 0,6%. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito that can be prevented with temefos. Sustainable use affects on mosquito resistance and environmental damage. Therefore, it needs natural larvasides by using sweet orange peel juice. The study aimed to prove the effectivity of sweet orange peel juice in killing test larvae seen from the LC50 and LT50 value as well as any difference of its effectivity with temefos. Samples were 25 Aedes aegypti larvae in each glass medium active instar III inclusion criterion and instar I, II, and which had become pupa / die exclusion criteria. Tested larvae were observed for 24 hours with three times repetition. The study desaign was true experimental. The place of study was in Entomology Laboratory of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan on June 2014. Natural larvasides was made from sweet orange peel juice. Concentration used was of 0.05%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2%, and 1.4%. Determination of concentration based on preliminary test where the highest larva mortality 1% and the lowest at 0%. Processing of data was conducted using linear regression analysis and probit regression. Juice of sweet orange peel was effective as the Aedes aegypti mosquito larvicides. LC50 value was 0,731% and LT50 value was 13.211 hours. Group of treatment compared to temfos (control positive) resulted a significant difference in the concentration of 0.05%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%.

References

1. World Health Organization. Dengue: guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.

2. Soedarto. Buku ajar parasitologi kedokteran. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2012

3. Kurane I. Dengue hemorrhagic fever with spesial emphasis on immunopathogenesis. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology & Infectious Disease. 2007; 30: 329-40.

4. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2013. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2014

5. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan menteri kesehatan nomor 374 tentang pengendalian vektor. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2010.

6. Taviv Y, Sikhu A, Sitorus H. Pengendalian DBD melalui pemanfaatan pemantau jentik dan ikan cupang di Kota Palembang; Baturaja. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan. 2010; 38 (4): 215 - 24.

7. Ridha MR, Nisa K. Larva Aedes aeypti sudah toleran terhadap temepos di Kota Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Vektora. 2015; 3 (2): 9- 111.

8. Hartati SY. Prospek perkembangan minyak atsiri sebagai pestisida nabati. Perspektif. 2012; 11 (1): 45-8.

9. Lauwrens, Florensia IJ, Wahongan GJ, Bernadus JB. Pengaruh dosis abate terhadap jumlah populasi jentik nyamuk Aedes sp di Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado. Jurnal e-Biomedik. 2014; 2 (1).

10. Ferguson. Medicinal use of citrus [online]. 2014 [cited 2014 Apr 14]. Available from: www.floridaplants.com/Reprints/medicinalcitrus.pdf.

11. Bilal H, Akram W, Ali-Hasan S. Lavicidal activity of citrus limonoids against Aedes albopictus larvae. Journal Arthropos-Borne Disease. 2012; 6(2): 104-11.

12. Oluremi OIA, Ngi J, Andrew IA. Phytonutrients in citrus fruit peel meal and nutritional implication [serial on internet]. Livestock Res Rur Dev for livestock production. 2007 [cited 2014 Aug 6]; 19 (7). Available from: http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/7/olur19089.htm

13. Stelljes KB. Questions about citrus limonoids [online]. 2014 [cited 2014 Apr 8]. Available from: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/1999/ bg990323.htm.

14. Robinson T. Kandungan organik tumbuhan tingkat tinggi. Bandung: ITB; 1991.

15. Chaieb I. Saponins as insecticides: a review. Tunisia. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection. 2010; 5: 39-50.

16. Wati FA. Pengaruh air perasan kulit jeruk manis (Citrus aurantium sub spesies sinensis) terhadap tingkat kematian larva Aedes aegypti instar III in vitro [skripsi]. Surakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret; 2010

17. Astuti EP, Riyadhi A, Ahmadi NR. Efektivitas minyak jarak pagar sebagai larvasida ati-ovoiposisi dan ovisida terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes albopictus. Buletin Penerbitan Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. 2011; 22 (1): 44-53.

18. Asikin S. Toksisitas tumbuhan jengkol terhadap hama tanaman. Banjarbaru; Badan Penelitian Pertanian Lahan Rawa; 2013.

19. Becker N, Petric D, Zgomba M, Boase C, Madon M, Dahl C, et al. Mosquitoes and their control. 2nd ed. Berlin; Heidelberg: SpringerVerlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2010.

20. International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry. Compendium of chemical terminology [e-book]. 2nd ed. (the “Gold Book”). Compiled by McNaught AD, Wilkinson A. Oxford: Blackwell Sci Publ; 1997 [cited 2014 Sept 6]. Available from: http://goldbook.iupac.org

21. Facundo HT, Hirao A, Santiago DR, Gabriel BP. Screening of microbial agents for the control of the orchid lema, Lema pectoralis Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Philippine Agricultural. Scientist. 2001; 84:171-8.

22. Moehammadi N. Potensi biolarvasida ekstrak herba Ageratum conyzoides linn. dan daun Saccopetalum horsifieldii benn terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti L. Jurnal Berkala Penelitian Hayati. 2005; 10.

23. Milind P, Dev C. Orange: range of benefits. International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 2012; 3 (7): 59-63.

Download

Share

COinS