Abstract

Multimorbiditas adalah kehadiran dua atau lebih penyakit kronis pada satu orang. Prevalensi multimorbiditas meningkat dengan usia, terutama pada lanjut usia (lansia). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan determinan multimorbiditas pada lansia di Indonesia. Data diambil dari survei keempat Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) yang diadakan pada tahun 2007. IFLS adalah survei sosial ekonomi dan kesehatan longitudinal di Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan dalam analisis adalah 2.960 lansia (³ 60 tahun). Regresi logistik dilakukan untuk menentukan prevalensi dan determinan multimorbiditas pada lansia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi multimorbiditas sebesar 15,8%, dengan prevalensi lebih tinggi pada lansia yang overweight/obesitas, tingkat pendidikan rendah, tidak bekerja, perokok saat ini, aktivitas fisik ringan, overweight/obesitas, dan kurangnya konsumsi sayur dan buah. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan yang rendah, tidak bekerja, perokok saat ini dan pernah merokok, overweight/obesitas, aktivitas fisik ringan, serta kurangnya konsumsi sayuran dan buah berhubungan dengan multimorbiditas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi multimorbiditas pada lansia Indonesia cukup tinggi terutama mereka dengan perilaku kesehatan yang buruk dan kondisi sosial ekonomi yang rendah. Strategi untuk meningkatkan perilaku sehat dan meningkatkan kondisi sosial-ekonomi dapat menurunkan prevalensi multimorbiditas pada lansia. Multimorbidity is the presence of two or more chronic diseases in one person. Multimorbidity prevalence increases with age, especially in the elderly. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of multimorbidity in elderly population in Indonesia and its determinant. Data were taken from the fourth survey of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) which held in 2007. IFLS is a continuing longitudinal socio-economic and health survey. The sample used in the analysis were 2,960 elderly (³ 60 years). Logistic regression was performed to determine the prevalence and determinants of multimorbidity in the elderly. The prevalence of multimorbidity were 15.8 % and was higher among low educational level, unemployed, current smokers, mild physical activity, overweight/obese and lower consumption of vegetables and fruit. Multivariate analysis showed that low educational level, unemployed, current smoker and ex smoker, overweight/obese, mild physical activity and lower consumption of vegetables and fruit were associated with multimorbidity. The results showed that the prevalence of multimorbidity in Indonesian elderly is quite high especially those with poor health behaviors and low socioeconomic conditions. Strategies to increase healthy behaviors and improve socio-economic conditions may decrease the prevalence of multimorbidity.

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