Abstract

Overweight dan obesitas pada anak merupakan suatu masalah yang kompleks disebabkan multifaktor, yaitu interaksi genetik dan lingkungan. Gaya hidup perkotaan dipicu oleh asupan makanan yang berlebih pada anak overweight dan obesitas. Strategi untuk menurunkan asupan makan berlebih pada anak adalah dengan pendekatan child healthcare model dan transtheoretical model sehingga dapat mengendalikan gaya hidup anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan pengaruh pendekatan child healthcare dan transtheoretical model terhadap asupan karbohidrat anak overweight dan obesitas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah kecamatan Biringkanaya dan Tamalanrea, Makassar, pada bulan Agustus 2013 sampai Maret 2014. Desain yang digunakan adalah quasy experiment yaitu pretest and posttest with control group design. Sampel dipilih secara purposive sebanyak 31 anak overweight atau obesitas pada kelompok perlakuan dan 33 kontrol pada anak sekolah dasar kelas 4 - 6. Intervensi penelitian 6 bulan dengan pemberian buku panduan gaya hidup sehat. Instrumen menggunakan kuesioner food recall. Hasil uji-t berpasangan menghasilkan asupan karbohidrat pada pre-post intervensi kelompok perlakuan dengan nilai p 0,004 ( < 0,05) sedangkan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai p 0,114. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh pendekatan child healthcare model dan transtheoretical model terhadap asupan karbohidrat anak overweight dan obesitas. Overweight and obesity in children is a complex problem that is caused by a multifactorial genetic and environmental interactions. Urban lifestyle fueled by excessive food intake in overweight and obese children. Strategies to reduce excessive food intake in children is the child healthcare approach and the transtheoretical model so that the model can control the child’s lifestyle. This study aimed to prove the effect of child healthcare approach and the transtheoretical model of the food intake of overweight and obese children. This research was conducted in the district area Tamalanrea and Biringkanaya, Makassar from August 2013 to March 2014. The design used is quasy experiment pretest and posttest with control group design. Purposively selected sample of 31 children as overweight or obese in the treatment group and 33 controls on primary school children grade 4 - 6. Intervention research was conducted during a six month period by providing guide books on healthy lifestyle. The instrument used food recall questionnaire. Paired t-test results produced carbohydrate intake in the pre-post intervention treatment groups with p value 0.004 (<0.05), whereas the control group with p value of 0.114. This study concludes that there is influence of CHM and TTM approaches to the intake of carbohydrates of overweight and obese children.

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