Abstract

Penelitian genom yang mengkaji kaitan antara setiap gen dengan suatu penyakit sekaligus mekanismenya untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan yang menyeluruh dalam pengobatan, telah membawa perubahan besar dunia kedokteran dalam mengobati berbagai penyakit. Namun demikian, penelitian genom seharusnya tidak hanya dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan tetapi juga untuk pencegahan penyakit. Artikel ini membahas masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan peluang pemanfaatan penelitian genom dalam pencegahan penyakit. Penelitian genom yang dapat dimanfaatkan pada bidang kesehatan masyarakat adalah toksikogenomik dan nutrigenomik. Penelitian toksikogenomik mengkaji respons gen akibat pajanan toksikan yang berdampak pada kesehatan manusia. Penelitian nutrigenomik mengkaji respons gen terhadap makanan yang berdampak pada kesehatan manusia. Penelitian toksikogenomik dan nutrigenomik dapat mengungkap mekanisme molekuler suatu penyakit. Selanjutnya, pada gen yang mengalami perubahan ekspresi dapat dijadikan target molekuler untuk pencegahan. Dengan demikian, perkembangan penelitian genom memberikan tantangan bagi pengembangan ilmu kesehatan masyarakat untuk dalam pencegahan penyakit. Genome research which examines association of each gene with a disease and its mechanism to explore comprehensive knowledge in disease treatment, has brought about great changes in medicine in the treatment of diseases. However, genomic research should not only be applied in treatment but also in disease prevention. This article discusses public health problems and opportunities of genomic research application in disease prevention. Genome research that can be utilized in the field of public health is toxicogenomics and nutrigenomics. Research toxicogenomics investigate gene responses due to exposure to the toxicant that impact on human health. Nutrigenomics research examines gene response to food that affect to human health. Toxicogenomics and nutrigenomics research can uncover the molecular mechanisms of disease. Furthermore, the gene expression changes that may be used as molecular targets for prevention. Thus, the development of genome research provides a challenge for the development of public health sciences to be used in the prevention of disease.

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