Abstract

Di industri modern, kelelahan kerja adalah fenomena kompleks yang disebabkan berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor yang memengaruhi kelelahan pada pekerja mebel. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Februari – Maret 2013 di suatu perusahaan mebel di Kabupaten Jepara. Penelitian ini adalah dengan desain potong lintang melibatkan 70 orang responden. Kelelahan kerja diukur menggunakan reaction timer, stres kerja diukur menggunakan General Health Questionnaire-12. Monoton kerja, kerja lembur, motivasi, konflik kerja diukur dengan wawancara. Status gizi diukur dengan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Rata-rata intensitas kebisingan atau Level Equivalent diukur dengan sound level meter, penerangan lokal diukur dengan lux meter, iklim kerja dengan questemp, dan beban kerja diukur dengan denyut nadi. Data diuji dengan kai kuadrat dan multivariat dianalisis dengan visual partial least square. Kelelahan kerja dipengaruhi oleh umur (nilai p = 0,018), monoton kerja (nilai p = 0,053), dan konflik kerja (nilai p = 0,019). Menurut analisis multivariat, kelelahan kerja dipengaruhi langsung oleh konflik kerja, stres kerja, lingkungan fisik, dan kapasitas kerja. Secara tidak langsung, kelelahan kerja dipengaruhi motivasi melalui stres kerja dan melalui beban kerja dan stres kerja, beban kerja melalui stres kerja dan melalui kapasitas kerja. Faktor yang memengaruhi kelelahan kerja adalah konflik kerja, lingkungan fisik tempat kerja, kapasitas kerja, dan stres kerja. In modern industries, fatigue is complex phenomenon caused by various factors. This study aimed to find out the factors related to fatigue case of furniture workers. This study was conducted in February - March 2013 at a furniture company in Jepara. Desaign of this study was cross-sectional method with 70 respondents. Fatigue was measured using reaction timer, General Health Questionnaire-12 was used to measure psychological distress. Monotony, overtime work, motivation and conflict was measured using Penyebab Kelelahan Kerja pada Pekerja Mebel Factors Caused Fatigue among Furniture Workers Dina Lusiana Setyowati* Zahroh Shaluhiyah** Baju Widjasena** questionnaire. BMI was used to measure nutrition status. Adaily noise Level equivalent was estimated using sound level meter; illumination was estimated using lux meter; heat stress was estimated using questemp and workload was estimated using heart rate. Data was analyzed using chisquare and multivariate was analyzed using visual partial least square program. Results of the research indicated that there was a relationship between age (p value = 0.018), monotonous (p value = 0.053), conflict at work (p value = 0.019) and fatigue. Multivariate analysis, which were conflict at work, stress of work, physical work environment and work capacity had a direct effect to the fatigue. Motivation had an indirect effect through stress at work and it had an indirect effect through the workload and stress at work. Physical workload had an indirect effect through stress at work to the fatigue and had an indirect effect through work capacity to the fatigue. The dominant factor related to fatigue is conflict at work, physical work environmental, work capacity and stress at work.

References

1. Bultmann U, Kant I, Kasl SV, Beurskens AJ, Vanden BPPA. Fatigue and psychological distress in the working population, psychometrics, prevalense, and porrelates. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2002; 52 (6): 445-52. 2. Kroemer KHE, Grandjean E. Fitting the task to the human: a textbook of occupational ergonomics. 5th ed. Routledge: Taylor & Francis; 1997. 3. Nurmianto E. Ergonomi konsep dasar dan aplikasi. Edisi ke-2. Surabaya: PT. Guna Widya; 2003. 4. Health and Safety Executive. Health and safety statistics highlights [manuscript on internet]. Health and Safety Executive; 2004 [cited 2013 Aug 5]. Available from: www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/ overall/hssh0304.pdf 5. Ghozali I. Structural equation modeling (SEM): metode alternatif dengan partial least square (PLS). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro; 2008. 6. Morgeson FP, Garza AS, Champion MA. Work design in handbook of psychology. 2nd ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2013. 7. Winwood PC, Winefield AH, Dawson D, Lunghingston K. Development and validation of a scale to measure work-related fatigue and recovery: exhaustion/recovery scale (OFER). Journal of Occupational and Enviromental Medicine. 2005; 47 (6): 594-606 8. Setyawati L. Selintas tentang kelelahan kerja.Yogyakarta: Amara Books; 2011. 9. Winwood PC, Winefield, Lushington K. Work-related fatigue and recovery: the contribution of age, domestic responsibilities and shiftwork. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Australia. 2006; 56 (4): 438 - 49. 10. Bridger RS. Introduction to ergonomics. 2nd ed. New York: CRC Press.. 2008. 11. Metzener RJ, Fischer FM. Fatigue and workability in Brazilian Textile companies in different corporate social responsibility score group. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2010; 40 (3): 289-94. 12. Astrand PO, Rodahl K, Dahl HA, Stromme SB. Textbook of work physiology: physiologycal bases of excercise. 4th Ed. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis; 2003. 13. Setyawati L, Widodo I D. Faktor dan penjadualan shift kerja. Tenoin. 2008; 13(2): 11-12. 14. Akerstedt T, Fredlund P, Gillberg M, Jansson B. Workload and work hour in relation to disturbed sleep and fatigue. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2002; 53 (1): 585-8. 15. Dewi MM. Hubungan antara asupan makan, status gizi dan kelelahan kerja terhadap produktivitas kerja pada pekerja pabrik PT Tigaraksa Satria, Tbk Yogyakarta [skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2013. 16. Freudenberger, Herbert J. Jeanne Mager Stellman. Stress and burnout and their implication in the work environment. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Geneva: International Labor Organization; 2011. 17. Kawada T, Ooya M. Workload and health complaints in overtime worker: a survey. Archives of Medical Research. 2005; 36 (5): 594-7. 18. Kreitner R, Kinicki A. Perilaku organisasi. Edisi ke- 5. Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba Empat; 2005. 19. Fujiwara K, Tsukishima E, Tsutsumi A, Kawakami N. Interpersonal conflict, social support, and burnout among home care workers in Japan. Journal of Occupational Health. 2003; 45 (5): 313 - 20. 20. Yperen NWV, Hagedoorn M. Do high job demands increase intrinsic motivation or fatigue or both? the role of job control and job social support. Academy of Management Journal. 2003; 46 (3): 339 - 48. 21. Beckers DGJ, Van der Linden D, Smulders PGW, Kompier MAJ, Van Veldhoven MJPM, Van Yperen NW. Working overtime hours: relations with fatigue, work motivation and the quality of work.Journal of Occupational & Enviromental Medicine. 2004; 46 (12):1282-9. 22. Suma’mur PK. Higiene perusahaan dan kesehatan kerja. Jakarta: CV Sagung Seto; 2009. 23. Hendrawan A. Pengaruh penerangan umum dan penerangan lokal terhadap kelelahan kerja pada tenaga kerja Asmad Art Galery di Cilacap [tesis]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2004. 24. Ratu NE. Pengaruh Intensitas Pencahayaan, dan iklim kerja terhadap kelelahan kerja pada pekerja di PT. Delta Pasific Indotuna Sulawesi Utara [tesis abstrak]. Yogyakarta: Univeristas Gadjah Mada; 2009.

Download

Share

COinS