Abstract

Di Indonesia, sejak lebih dari dua dekade, terjadi transisi epidemiologi. Prevalensi penyakit tidak menular (PTM) meningkat menggeser penyakit menular. Sejak tahun 2004, tiga perilaku hidup bersih sehat (PHBS) terkait PTM, yang meliputi tidak merokok, aktivitas fisik, konsumsi tinggi serat belum memenuhi target. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penggalian riwayat dan nasihat gaya hidup sehat yang dilaporkan oleh pasien dan dokter. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan potong lintang pada 57 dokter dan 251 pasien puskesmas. Data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner terstruktur dan wawancara di empat puskesmas di Kota Yogyakarta dan delapan puskesmas di Kabupaten Sleman mulai September 2011 sampai dengan Januari 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih banyak dokter yang memberikan nasihat tentang gaya hidup sehat daripada menanyakannya. Dokter lebih sering melakukan penggalian riwayat dan nasihat tentang kebiasaan merokok daripada tentang olah raga dan pola makan. Penggalian riwayat dan nasihat yang dilaporkan oleh dokter dan pasien berbeda. Menurut pasien, dokter seharusnya bertanya dan memberi nasihat gaya hidup sehat. Karakteristik dokter tidak berhubungan dengan penggalian riwayat dan nasihat gaya hidup sehat yang dilakukan. Penggalian riwayat tentang hidup sehat menjadi prediktor kuat dalam memberikan nasihat untuk melakukan gaya hidup sehat. Epidemiological transition has been occurred in Indonesia in the last two decades. The increasing prevalence of non communicable disease (NCD) has shifted the communicable disease. This pattern has been predicted since the 2004. National health survey reported that the Indonesian’ clean and healthy behavior (PHBS) related to NCD, namely, not smoking, exercise and high fiber diet were still far from the target. The role of physician, particularly primary health care is crucial to overcome those health problems. This cross sectional study aimed to assess history taking and advice on healthy life style reported by patient and physician. Participants were 57 physicians and 251 patients of primary health care (Puskesmas). Data were collected by structured questionnaires and interviews at 4 Puskesmas in Yogyakarta City and at 8 Puskesmas in Sleman District, started between September 2011 and January 2012. The results showed that physicians more carried out health advice on healthy life style than ask about them. Patients and physicians reported differently in the history taking and advice on healthy life style. Physician was more asking and advice about smoking habits than exercise and high fiber diet. Characteristics of physicians did not correlate with history taking and advice of healthy lifestyle. History taking of healthy life style was a strong predictor to conduct advice on healthy life style.

References

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