Abstract

Sampai dengan tahun 2013 dilaporkan ada 13 kasus leptospirosis di Kabupaten Banyumas.Terjadinya peningkatan kasus selama dua tahun terakhir perlu mendapat perhatian dari berbagai pihak agar kasus leptospirosis bisa segera ditangani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memetakan kasus leptospirosis dan menganalisis faktor risiko lingkungan dan perilaku yang memengaruhi leptospirosis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi observasional kasus kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan pengukuran. Analisis data menggunakan analisis spasial, analisis univariat, dan bivariat. Kasus adalah penderita leptospirosis berjumlah 13 orang dan kontrol adalah tetangga kasus yang tidak menderita leptospirosis berjumlah 52 orang. Hasil pemetaan menunjukkan kasus leptospirosis di Kabupaten Banyumas termasuk daerah aliran sungai dengan radius 600 meter ke sungai; seluruh kasus dekat dengan sawah (jarak < 1 km); sebagian besar memiliki vegetasi ³ 3 jenis dan berada di daerah dengan curah hujan tinggi. Faktor lingkungan yang terbukti berhubungan dengan leptospirosis adalah kondisi jalan yang buruk sekitar rumah (OR = 4,90; CI 95% = 1,35 - 17,10). Faktor perilaku yang berhubungan dengan leptospirosis adalah kebiasaan mandi/mencuci di sungai (OR = 4,35; 95% CI = 1,21 - 15,60), riwayat peran serta dalam kegiatan sosial yang beresiko (OR = 12,00; 95% CI = 1,45 - 99,09) dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri (OR = 7,50; 95% CI = 1,00 - 62,18). There were 13 Leptospirosis cases in Banyumas in 2013. The increasing incidents in last 2 years should get an attention from all institutions. The study conducted was to map incidence of leptospirosis and analyze the environmental and behavior risk factors which associated leptospirosis case. This research was observational by case-control approach. The data was collected through interviews, observation and test. For analyzing the data, the researcher applied spatial analysis, univariate, and bivariate analysis. It was 13 leptospirosis cases and 52 people as the controls; they are the neighbors who are free from leptospirosis.The mapping showed that leptospirosis cases in Banyumas were along the riverin 600 meters radius, all cases with the distance of 0 - 1 km into the rice field, had vegetation 3 species and those were in areas with high rainfall intensity. Environmental risk factor associated with leptospirosis was a bad road conditions around the house (OR = 4,90; CI 95% = 1,35 - 17,10). Behavior risk factors werethe bathing/washing habit in the river (OR = 4,35; 95% CI = 1,21 - 15,60, a history of participation in social activities (OR = 12,00; 95% CI = 1,45 - 99,09)and the use of personal protective equipment (OR = 7,50; 95% CI = 1,00 - 62,18).

References

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