Abstract

Penarik becak dayung dan becak bermesin, pengatur lalu lintas, pedagang asongan, dan pedagang kaki lima banyak terpapar dengan polusi timbal dari udara ambien yang merupakan ancaman terhadap para pekerja pinggir jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan karakteristik responden dengan kadar timbal dalam darah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 109 orang terdiri dari 58 orang penarik becak dayung, 30 orang penarik becak bermesin dan 21 orang pedagang kaki lima yang ditarik secara consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara variabel usia, tekanan darah sistolik dan tekanan darah diastolik terhadap kadar timbal dalam darah (p>0,05). Rerata kadar timbal dalam darah berbeda bermakna menurut jenis kelamin (p=0,047) dan kebiasaan merokok (p=0,003). Rerata kadar timbal dalam darah berdasarkan jenis pekerjaan, lama bekerja, tingkat pendidikan, tempat beristirahat, lokasi tempat tinggal, kebiasaan minum susu, dan kebiasaan minum alkohol tidak ada perbedaan bermakna. Uji korelasi Pearson dan korelasi Spearman menemukan tidak ada korelasi antara variabel usia dan tekanan darah terhadap kadar timbal dalam darah (p>0,05). Paddle rickshaw puller, motorized rickshaw pullers, traffic police, street vendors and roadside vendors is that many workers are exposed to lead from ambient air pollution. Lead pollution is a threat to roadside workers. This study is observational. The purpose of the study was to determine the association between respondent characteristic with blood lead levels. The 109 samples in this study was the 58 paddle rickshaw puller, 30 motorized rickshaw pullers and 21 hawkers, drawn with consecutive sampling. The results showed that there were no significant correlation between age, blood pressure and blood lead level (p>0.005), there were differences in mean blood lead levels by sex (p = 0.047) and smoking (p = 0.003), there was no difference in mean blood lead levels based on the type of work, length of work, level of education, place of rest, the location shelter, drinking milk, and alcohol drinking habits. Pearson correlation test and Spearman correlation found no correlation between the variables of age, and blood pressure on blood lead levels (p> 0.05).

References

1. Widowati W, Sastiono A, Jusuf RR. Efek toksik logam berat. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset; 2008. 2. Slamet JS. Kesehatan lingkungan. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press; 2011. 3. Al-Rudainy LA. Blood lead level among fuel station workers. Oman Medical Journal. 2010 Jul: 25(3);208-211 4. Girsang E. Hubungan kadar timbal di udara ambien dengan timbal dalam darah pada pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Terminal Antar Kota Medan [Tesis]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2008. 5. Bellinger DC. Lead. Pediatrics. 2005; 113: 1016-22. 6. Kaewboonchoo O, Saleekul S, Powattana A, Kawai T. Blood lead level and blood pressure of bus drivers in Bangkok, Thailand. Industrial Health. 2007; 45: 590-4. 7. Hegazy AM, Zaher MM, Abdel el hafez MA, Morsy A, Saleh RA. Relation between anemia and blood levels of lead, copper, zink and iron among children. BMC Research Notes. 2010; 3: 133. 8. Sitohang R. Pengaruh intensitas kendaraan bermotor terhadap emisi logam timbal ke dalam udara ambien di kota Medan [Tesis]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2001. 9. Pirsaraei SRA. Lead exposure and hair lead level of workers in a lead refinery. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2007;11 (1): 6-8. 10. Lin C, Kim R, Tsaih SW, Sparrow D, Hu H. Determinants of bone and Blood lead levels among minoroties living in the Bostona area. Environmental Health Prospectives. 2004; 112 (11):1147-51. 11. McKelvey W, Gwynn RC, Jeffery N, Kass D, Thorpe LE, Garg RK, et al. A biomonitoring study of lead, cadmium and mercury in the blood of New York City adults. Environmental Health Prospectives. 2007; 115 (10): 1435-41. 12. Lee MG, Chun OK, Song WO. Determinants of blood lead level of US woman of reproductive age. Journal of American College of Nutrition. 2005; 24 (1): 1-9. 13. Committee on Environmental Health. Lead expossure in children:preventntion, detection and management. Pediatrics. 2005; 116: 1036. 14. Haryanto B. Pengaruh suplemen kalsium terhadap penurunan kadar hitam dalam darah (studi komunitas siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kota Timah Bandung) [Disertasi}. Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Indonesia; 2008. 15. Hasan W. Pencegahan keracunan timbal kronis pada pekerja dewasa dengan suplemen kalsium [Disertasi]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2011. 16. Lin C, Kim R, Tsaih SW, Sparrow D, Hu H. Determinants of bone and blood lead levels among minoroties living in the Boston area, Environmental Health Perspectives. 2004; 112 (11): 1147-51. 17. Nash D, Magder L, Lutsberg M, Sherwin RW, Rubin R. Kaufmann RB, et al. Blood lead, blood pressure and hypertension in perimenopausal and post menopausal women. JAMA. 2003; 289 (12): 1523-32. 18. Roncal C, Wei M, Sirirat R, Mee KY, George HN, Xiaosen O, et al. Lead, at low levels, accelerates arteriolopathy and tubulointerstitial injuri in chronic kidney disease. American Journal Physiology Renal Physiology. 2007; 293: 1391-6. 19. Pasorong MB. Hubungan antara kadar plumbum (Pb) dan hipertensi pada polisi lalu-lintas di kota Manado [Tesis]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada; 2007. 20. Kuo HW, Lai LH, Chou SY, Wu FY. Association between blood lead level and blood pressure in aborigines and others in Central Taiwan. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health. 2006; 12 (3). 21. Fenga C, Cacciola A, Martino LB, Calderaro SL , Di Nola C, Verzera A, et al. Relationship of blood lead levels to blood pressure in exhaust battery storage workers. Industrial Health. 2006; 44: 304-9.

Download

Share

COinS