Abstract

Kemajuan teknologi dan ekonomi akhir-akhir ini memberikan dampak perubahan pola hidup yang menyebabkan pergeseran pola penyakit. Terlihat pada peningkatan penyakit kardiovaskular pada kelompok eksekutif usia produktif. Hiperkolesterolemia adalah satu-satunya faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan timbulanya aterosklerosis. Asupan gizi terkait erat dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara asupan gizi serta pola makan dengan hiperkolesterolemia pada kalangan eksekutif di Jakarta. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Populasi penelitian adalah kelompok eksekutif Indonesia dewasa berusia 25-60 tahun. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 280 responden berusia 25- 60 tahun yang merupakan kelompok eksekutif dari beberapa perusahaan yang ada di sekitar Jakarta. Kadar low density lipoprotein (LDL) kolesterol diperiksa dengan mengumpulkan sampel darah puasa. Asupan gizi dinilai dengan metode 24 hour recall dan pola makan dinilai dengan metode food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia pada kalangan eksekutif 46,1%. Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia ini lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada laki-laki (50,9%) dibandingkan pada perempuan(29,7%). Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia cenderung lebih tinggi pada kalangan eksekutif yang berumur di atas 40 tahun, berpendidikan tinggi dan berpenghasilan tinggi. Asupan gizi, khususnya protein hewani serta frekuensi mengonsumsi sapi, memiliki hubungan dengan prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia. Asupan protein nabati, kekerapan mengonsumsi tempe, asupan serat serta kekerapan mengonsumsi sayur dan buah dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai makanan yang protektif atau dapat menurunkan kadar LDL kolesterol dalam darah. Technology and economical development recently poses impact toward changes of lifestyle which cause shifted of the disease pattern. The escalating of cardiovascular appears to be more common among executive productive age group. Hypercholesterolemia is the only risk factor that by itself can cause atherosclerosis. Hypercholesterolemia might be influenced by nutrient intake. The objective of this study is to know the relationship of between nutrient intake as well as food pattern and hypercholesterolemia among executive group surrounding Jakarta. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) content was assessed by collecting fasting blood samples. 24 hour recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was conducted to assess nutrient intake. Prevalence hypercholesterolemia was 46.1% among this excecutive group.The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was significant higher among men (50.6%) compared to women (29.7%).Hypercholesterolemia prevalence tend to be higher among those who were over 40 years old, had higher education and had higher income. There was a relationship between nutrient intake especially animal protein intake as well as more frequent consuming beef with the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. Non-animal protein intake, more frequent consuming tempe, fibre intake as well as more frequent consuming fruit and vegetable might be considered as protective food toward lowering effect of the LDL plasma cholesterol level.

References

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