•  
  •  
 

Abstract

Kemajuan teknologi dan ekonomi akhir-akhir ini memberikan dampak perubahan pola hidup yang menyebabkan pergeseran pola penyakit. Terlihat pada peningkatan penyakit kardiovaskular pada kelompok eksekutif usia produktif. Hiperkolesterolemia adalah satu-satunya faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan timbulanya aterosklerosis. Asupan gizi terkait erat dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara asupan gizi serta pola makan dengan hiperkolesterolemia pada kalangan eksekutif di Jakarta. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Populasi penelitian adalah kelompok eksekutif Indonesia dewasa berusia 25-60 tahun. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 280 responden berusia 25- 60 tahun yang merupakan kelompok eksekutif dari beberapa perusahaan yang ada di sekitar Jakarta. Kadar low density lipoprotein (LDL) kolesterol diperiksa dengan mengumpulkan sampel darah puasa. Asupan gizi dinilai dengan metode 24 hour recall dan pola makan dinilai dengan metode food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia pada kalangan eksekutif 46,1%. Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia ini lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada laki-laki (50,9%) dibandingkan pada perempuan(29,7%). Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia cenderung lebih tinggi pada kalangan eksekutif yang berumur di atas 40 tahun, berpendidikan tinggi dan berpenghasilan tinggi. Asupan gizi, khususnya protein hewani serta frekuensi mengonsumsi sapi, memiliki hubungan dengan prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia. Asupan protein nabati, kekerapan mengonsumsi tempe, asupan serat serta kekerapan mengonsumsi sayur dan buah dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai makanan yang protektif atau dapat menurunkan kadar LDL kolesterol dalam darah. Technology and economical development recently poses impact toward changes of lifestyle which cause shifted of the disease pattern. The escalating of cardiovascular appears to be more common among executive productive age group. Hypercholesterolemia is the only risk factor that by itself can cause atherosclerosis. Hypercholesterolemia might be influenced by nutrient intake. The objective of this study is to know the relationship of between nutrient intake as well as food pattern and hypercholesterolemia among executive group surrounding Jakarta. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) content was assessed by collecting fasting blood samples. 24 hour recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was conducted to assess nutrient intake. Prevalence hypercholesterolemia was 46.1% among this excecutive group.The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was significant higher among men (50.6%) compared to women (29.7%).Hypercholesterolemia prevalence tend to be higher among those who were over 40 years old, had higher education and had higher income. There was a relationship between nutrient intake especially animal protein intake as well as more frequent consuming beef with the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. Non-animal protein intake, more frequent consuming tempe, fibre intake as well as more frequent consuming fruit and vegetable might be considered as protective food toward lowering effect of the LDL plasma cholesterol level.

References

1. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2008 2. Steinberg D. Thematic review series: the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: an interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy, part III: mechanistically defining the role of hyperlipidemia. J Lipid Res. 2005; 46: 2037-51. 3. Godfrey S. Getz, Catherine A. Reardon. Nutrition and cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Bio. 2007; 27(12): 2499-506. 4. Krummel DA. Medical nutrition therapy for cardiovascular disease. Dalam : Mahan LK, Escott-stump S. Krause’s Food and Nutrition therapy. Edisi ke 12. Canada: Saunders Elsevier; 2008. 5. Labarthe DR. Epidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, a global challenge. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2nd edition, Sudbury Massachusetts; 2011. 6. Kuller LH. Nutrition, lipids, and cardiovascular disease. Nut Rev. 2006; 64(2): S15-26. 7. Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, Franch HA et al. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrtion Committee. Circulation. 2006; 114: 82-96. 8. Micallef MA, Garg ML. The lipid-lowering effects of phytosterols and (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids are synergistic and complementary in hyperlipidemic men and women. J Nutr. 2008; 138: 1086-90. 9. Sabate J, Oda K, Ros E. Nutrition consumption and blood lipid levels a pooled analysis of 25 intervention trials. Arch Intern Med. 2010; 170(9): 821-7. 10. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report; 2002. 11. Hatma RD, Lipid profiles among diverse ethnic groups in Indonesia. Acta Med Indones. 2011; 43(1): 4-11. 12. Soemantri S, Budiarso LR, Sandjaja. Survei kesehatan rumah tangga status kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2004. 13. Bantas K, Mutiarawaty F, Zakiyah TAD. Risiko Hiperkolesterolemia pada Pekerja di Kawasan Industri. Kesmas Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. 2012; 6(5): 219-24. 14. Willet W. Food frequency method in nutritional epidemiology 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013; 5: 70-95. 15. Zhan S, Ho SC. Meta-analyis of the effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on the lipid profile. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 81: 397-408. 16. Purwanttastuti. The relation of tempeh consumption and plasma lipid peroxides in the elderly. Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia. 2007; 57(10): 329-36. 17. Utari DM,Rimbawan,Riyadi H, Muhilal, Purwantyastuti. Potensi asam amino pada tempe untuk memperbaiki profil lipid dan diabetes Melitus. Kesmas Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2011; 3(4): 166-70. 18. Galisteo M, Duarte J, Zarzuelo A. Effects of dietary fibers on disturbances clustered in the metabolic syndrome. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2008; 19: 71-84. 19. Jahari AB. Epidemiologi konsumsi serat di Indonesia gizi Indonesia. Journal of the Indonesian Nutrition Association. Vol XXV; 2001. 20. Hung HC, Joshipura KJ, Jiang R,Hu FB,Hunter D, Smith-Warner SA, et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major of chronic disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004; 96(21): 1577-84.

Download

Share

COinS