Abstract

Usia remaja merupakan salah satu kelompok umur rentan terhadap masalah gizi sebagai akibat riwayat lahir dan status gizi buruk sebelumnya yang konsekuensinya buruk dalam daur hidup berikutnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) dengan desain studi longitudinal, bertujuan memperoleh model prediksi IMT remaja berdasarkan riwayat lahir dan status gizi anak. Sampel berjumlah 837 balita dipilih secara multistage random sampling. Riwayat lahir diukur dari berat lahir dan umur kehamilan. Pengukuran status gizi dilakukan mulai balita sampai remaja (15 - 19 tahun). Analisis menggunakan regresi logistik multinomial. Rata-rata berat lahir bayi perempuan 147 gram lebih rendah dibandingkan bayi laki-laki. Terdapat 7,4% berat bayi lahir rendah, dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada perempuan (9,3%). Terdapat masalah gizi ganda pada balita yaitu 47% stunting, 29,7% underweight, 10% wasting, dan 13,9% gemuk/obesitas. Sebesar 51,7% balita mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dengan stunting sebagai kontribusi terbesar. Risiko remaja gemuk/obesitas diprediksi dari kelahiran prematur, stunting usia 8 - 12 tahun, dan gemuk/obesitas usia 8 - 12 tahun. Risiko remaja kurus diprediksi dari IMT kurus saat berusia 5 - 9 tahun dan usia 8 - 12 tahun. Perlu intervensi yang diprioritaskan pada remaja perempuan untuk mencegah kelahiran prematur dan fetal programming, serta evaluasi program Pemberian Makan Tambahan (PMT) pada balita yang lebih memfokuskan pada penambahan berat badan tanpa mempertimbangkan tinggi badan. Adolescents is one of the age groups vulnerable to nutritional problems as a result of poor birth history and nutritional status, and then have bad consequences the next life cycle. Research using data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) with longitudinal study designs to predict adolescent body mass index based on the history of birth and child nutritional status. Sample consisted of 837 children selected by multistage random sampling. History of birth measured from birth weight and gestational age. Measurement of nutritional status was conducted from under five years children to adolescence (15 - 19 years). Analysis using multinomial logistic regression. Average birth weight women 147 grams lower than men. There is a 7.4% LBW, with the highest prevalence in women (9.3%). There are multiple nutritional problems are 47 % stunting, 29.7% underweight, 10% wasting, and 13.9% overweight/ obesity. 51.7% of children under five years of growth faltering, stunting as the highest contribution. The risk of overweight/ obesity adolescent can be predicted from the premature birth, stunted aged 8 - 12 years, and overweight/ obese aged 8 - 12 years. Risk of underweight adolescents predicted from underweight aged 5 - 9 years and 8 - 12 years. It should be prioritized intervention in young women to prevent preterm birth, as well as the evaluation of the supplementary feeding programs are more focused on weight gain without considering the height.

References

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