Abstract

Berat lahir bayi kurang dari 3.000 gram berisiko untuk terjadinya penyakit jantung dan stroke serta kematian yang tiga belas persen lebih tinggi daripada berat lahir lebih dari 3000 gram. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan model prediksi berat lahir dan mengetahui faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap berat lahir bayi. Desain penelitian menggunakan cohort retrospektif. Sampel melibatkan 233 ibu hamil beserta bayi yang melakukan pemeriksaan antenatal care dan melahirkan di Rumah Sakit Citra Medika dan bidan bersalin Hj. Sumartini dari bulan Januari 2010 sampai Desember 2011 di Rantauprapat. Data dikumpulkan dari data rekam medis dan kelahiran pasien. Analisis korelasi dan regresi linier ganda digunakan untuk mengetahui kekuatan dan arah hubungan antara variabel independen dengan berat lahir. Hasil penelitian menemukan rata-rata berat lahir 3.337,8 ± 353,7 gram (95% CI= 3.292 – 3.383). Berat badan (BB) sebelum hamil, pertambahan berat badan ibu trimester pertama, kedua, dan ketiga mempunyai kekuatan hubungan yang sedang dan berpola positif. Model prediksi menunjukkan bahwa berat lahir = 1.764,133 + 0,023 (BB pra hamil) + 0,131 (pertambahan berat badan trimester 1) + 0,037 (per- tambahan berat badan trimester 2) + 0,037 (pertambahan berat badan trimester 3). Variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah pertambahan berat badan trimester pertama.

Birth weight less 3,000 gram have more risk to cause heart and stroke disease, 13% higher than birth weight < 3,000 gram. This study described about the correlation between prepregnancy weight, first trimester weight gain, second trimester weight gain, third trimester weight gain with birth weight. This study aimed to predict birth weight and find out the factors that most influence on birth weight. This study used a retrospective cohort design. Samples were 233 pregnant women and infants who perform antenatal care and deliver in Citra Medika Hospital and midwife maternity from January 2010 to December 2011. The data were collected through patient medical record and birth data. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to determine the strength and the relationship direction between independent variables and birth weight. The results revealed the averages of birth weight in the hospital and maternity midwife are 3,337.8 ± 353.72 grams (95% CI: 3,292 – 3,383). Prepregnancy weight, maternal weight gain in first, second, and third semester have a moderate power relationship and positive pattern. The prediction model of birth weight = 1,764.133 + 0.023 (pre-pregnancy weight) + 0.131 (first semester weight gain) + 0.037 (second semester weight gain) + 0.037 (third semester weight gain). The most variable effect is a first semester weight gain.

References

1. Altshuler K, Berg M, Farzier LM, Laurenson J, Longstreth J, Mendez W, et al. Critical periods in development [monograph on the Internet]. IFC Consulting, Inc and University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita; 2003 [cited 2012 Jan 5]. Available from: http://aquaticpath.umd.edu/- appliedtox/paper2-v3.pdf.

2. Tanis B, Kapiteijn K, Hage RM, Rosendaal FR, Helmerhorst FM. Dutch women with a low birth weight have an increased risk of myocardial in- farction later in life: a case control study. Reproductive Health [serial on the internet]. 2005; 2(1) [cited 2010 Dec 5]. Available from: http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/2/1/1.

3. Risnes KR, Vatten LJ, Baker JL, Jameson K, Sovio U, Kajantie E, et al. Birthweight and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Int J Epidemiol [serial on the internet]. 2011; 1–15 [cited 2012 Jan 1]. Available from: http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/.

4. Ronnenberg AG, Wang X, Xing H, Chen C, Chen D, Guang W, et al. Low preconception body mass index is associated with birth outcome in a prospective cohort of Chinese women. The Journal of Nutrition. 2003; 11: 133-43.

5. Brown JE, Maureen AM, David R, Jacobs Jr, Margellos HC. Variation in newborn size according to pregnancy weight change by trimester 1–3. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002; 76: 205–9.

6. Pressman E. Weight gain: severely obese women may need to gain less weight during pregnancy [online]. University of Rochester Medical Center-New York News Rx Health & Science via NewsRx.com; 2011 [cited 2012 Jan 12]. Available from: http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/- news/story/index.cfm?id=3116.

7. Strauss RS, Dietz WH. Low maternal weight gain in the second or third trimester increases the risk for intrauterine growth retardation. J Nutr [serial on the Internet]. 1999: 12: 988-93 [cited 2012 Feb 5]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3559868.

8. Kumar A, Chaudhary K, Prasad S. Maternal indicators and obstetric outcome in the north Indian population: a hospital-based study. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine. 2010; 56: 192-5.

9. Achadi EL, Hansell MJ, Sloan NL, Anderson MA. Women’s nutritional status, iron consumtion and weight gain during pregnancy in relation to neonatal weight and length in West Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics.1995; 48 Suppl. (199); 103-19.

10. Yusuf HY. Pengaruh antropometrik ibu terhadap berat bayi lahir di Kabupaten Purworejo: analisis data Zibuvita. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada; 2009.

11. Achadi E, Herawati A, Kusharisupeni, Bardosono S, Kresnawan. Pengukuran status gizi ibu hamil dan ibu menyusui dengan metoda Antroppometri. Nutrire Diaita. 2008: 11 (1); 49-75.

12. Watson P, Wall C. Essentials of human nutrition. Mann J, Truswell S, editors. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2002.

13. Heni L. Korelasi antara berat badan ibu hamil dengan berat lahir bayi [tesis]. Semarang: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 2012.

14. Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. Weight gain dur- ing pregnancy: reexamining the guidelines. Washington D.C: National Academy Press; 2009.

15. Talahatu AN. Kajian indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan pertambahan be- rat badan ibu hamil serta hubungannya dengan tumbuh kembang bayi lahir di Kota Ambon [tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2006.

16. Endista A. Hubungan antara pertambahan berat badan ibu hamil dan karateristik ibu dengan berat lahir di Cibinong tahun 2004 [tesis]. Depok: Universitas Indonesia; 2005.

17. Barker DJ, Phillipa MC. Fetal undernutrition and disease in later life. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. 1997: 2; 105-12.

18. Soetjiningsih. Tumbuh kembang anak. Dalam: Ranuh IG, editor. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran; 1995

Download

Share

COinS