Abstract
Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2007 menunjukkan 11,6% penduduk Indonesia berumur 15 tahun ke atas mengalami gangguan mental emosional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penyakit kronis terhadap gangguan mental emosional. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang menggunakan data Riskesdas tahun 2007. Sebanyak 660.452 responden berusia di atas 15 tahun yang tidak mengalami gangguan jiwa dijadikan sampel. Gangguan mental emosional dinyatakan ada jika responden mem-punyai paling tidak enam dari 20 gangguan. Penyakit kronis seperti tuberculosis (TB) paru, hepatitis, jantung, diabetes, kanker, dan stroke diukur melalui wawancara yang didasarkan pada diagnosis petugas kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sepuluh penderita penyakit kronis, dua sampai lima penderita akan mengalami gangguan mental emosional. Analisis regresi logistik multivariat memperlihatkan bahwa risiko gangguan mental emosional semakin tinggi bersamaan dengan semakin banyak jumlah penyakit kronis yang diderita oleh responden. Responden yang menderita satu penyakit kronis berisiko 2,6 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami gangguan mental emosional, yang menderita dua penyakit kronis berisiko 4,6 kali, yang menderita tiga penyakit kronis atau lebih berisiko 11 kali. Kementerian Kesehatan disarankan untuk mengembangkan standar pelayanan penyakit kronis terkait dengan pengurangan dampak pada gangguan mental emosional dan dibentuknya tim bimbingan teknis pelayanan penyakit kronis.
Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) year 2007 showed that 11.6 percent of Indonesia’s population aged 15 years and above suffering from mental emotional disorder. This study aimed to examine the effects of chronic illness to the mental emotional disorders. A cross-sectional study was performed that used Riskesdas 2007 data. Atotal of 660,452 respondents aged 15 years and over who are mentally health become sample of this study. Mental emotional disorders exist if they have at least six of the 20 disorder. Chronic diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and stroke were measured based on diagnosis by health pro-fesional. The results showed that out of ten respondents with chronic illness, aproximately two to five will suffering from mental emotional disorder. Multivariat logistic regression analysis shows that the risk of developing mental emotional disorders higher as more number of chronic illnesses suffered by the respondent. Respondents suffering from one chronic disease were 2.6 times greater risk for emotional mental disorder, suffering from two chronic dis-ease have risk 4.6 times, which had three or more chronic disease risk have risk 11 times. It is suggested that the Ministry of Health to develop a standard of care of chronic diseases associated with reducing impact on the mental emotional disorders and establishment of teams for technical guidance chronic disease care.
References
1. Maslim R. Buku saku diagnosis gangguan jiwa: rujukan ringkas dari PPDGJ. 3rd ed. Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC; 2003.
2. Koenig HG, Vandermeer J, Chambers A, Burr-Crutchfield L, Johnson J. Minor depression physical outcome trajectories in heart failure and pul- monary disease. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2006; 194(3): 209-17.
3. Davies T, Craig TK. ABC kesehatan mental. Alifa Dimanti, penerjemah. Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC; 2009.
4. WHO. Prevent chronic disease: a important investment. WHO: Geneva; 2006 [cited 2012 Desember 7]. Available from: http://www.who. int/chp/chronic_disease_report.
5. WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the WHO world mental health surveys. JAMA [serial on the internet]. 2004; 291 (21): 2581-90 [cited 2012 Dec 7]. Available from: http://jama.ama- assn.org/cgi/content/full/291/21/2581.
6. Departemen Kesehatan. Laporan hasil riset kesehatan dasar: Riskesdas Indonesia tahun 2007). Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2008.
7. Miller TQ, Smith TW, Turner CW, Guijarro ML, Hallt AJ. A meta-ana- lytic review of research on hostility and physical health. Psychological Bulletin. 1996; 119(2): 322-48.
8. Dwight MM, Kowdley KV, Russo JE, Ciechanowski PS, Larson AM, Katon WJ. Depression, fatigue and functional disability in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2000; 49: 311-7.
9. Yayasan Stroke Indonesia. Seri gaya hidup sehat: cara bijak hadapi stroke, jantung & pembuluh darah. Jakarta: PT Gramedia; 2007.
10. Kleinbaum DG. Logistic regression: a self learning text. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlak Inc; 2010.
11. Baumeister H, Härter M. Prevalence of mental disorders based on gene- ral population. Surveys. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2007; (42): 537–46.
12. Kessler RC, Demler O, Frank RG, Olfson M, Pincus HA, Walters EE, et al. Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders, 1990 to 2003. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2005; 352: 2515–23.
13. Serrano-Blanco A, Palao DJ, Luciano JV, Pinto-Meza A, Luja L, Fernandez A, et al. Prevalence of mental disorders in primary care: re- sults from the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in primary care study (DASMAP). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2010; 45: 201–10.
14. Hawari D. Manajemen stres, cemas dan depresi. 1st ed. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran UI; 2008.
15. Maramis WF, Maramis AA. Ilmu kedokteran jiwa. 2nd ed. Surabaya: Airlangga Press; 2009.
16. Page A, Taylor R, Hall W, Carter G. Mental disorders and socioeconomic status: impact on population risk of attempted suicide in Australia. Suicede and Life-Threatening Behaviour. 2009; 39(5): 471–81.
17. Vos T, Mathers C, Herrman H, Harvey C, Gureje O, Bui D, et al. The burden of mental disorders in Victoria, 1996. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2001; (36): 53–62.
18. Roosihermati B. Penyakit kronis dan gangguan emosional di Indonesia. Jakarta: Puslitbang Sistem dan Kebijakan Kesehatan Depkes RI; 2008.
19. Stuart G. Keperawatan jiwa. In: Ramona KA, Egi K, penerjemah. Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC; 2007.
20. Darmojo RB. Gerontologi sosial: masalah sosial dan psikologik golo- ngan lanjut usia. Dalam: Darmojo RB, Martono HH, editor. Geriatri: ilmu kesehatan usia lanjut. 3rd ed. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI; 2004.
21. Gallo JJ. Epidemiology of mental disorder in middle age and late life. Epidemiology Review. 1995; 17 (1): 83-90.
22. Chapman DP, Perry GS, Strine TW. The vital link between chronic dis- ease and depressive disorders. Prev Chronic Dis [serial on the internet] 2005 Jan [cited 2012 Dec 7]. Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jan/04_0066.htm.
23. Härter M, Woll S, Wunsch A, Bengel J, Reuter K. Screening for mental disorders in cancer, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases: com- parison of HADS and GHQ-12. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2006; 41: 56–62
Recommended Citation
Widakdo G , Besral B .
Efek Penyakit Kronis terhadap Gangguan Mental Emosional.
Kesmas.
2013;
7(7):
309-316
DOI: 10.21109/kesmas.v7i7.29
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/kesmas/vol7/iss7/4