Abstract

Bayi sangat rentan terhadap penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu lokal (MP-ASI lokal). Sampai saat ini belum diketahui keamanan penyajiannya dari kontaminasi mikrobiologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kontaminasi Escherichia coli (E. coli) pada penyajian MP-ASI lokal dan mengamati hubungan antara kondisi sanitasi rumah, seperti Sarana Air Bersih (SAB), tempat mencuci peralatan makan bayi, kondisi Saluran Pembuangan Air Limbah (S PAL), kondisi tempat sampah dan keberadaan hewan berkeliaran di dalam rumah terhadap kontaminasi E. coli pada penyajian. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang yang mengamati penyajian MP-ASI lokal bagi bayi usia 6-12 bulan pada 138 rumah. Lokasi penelitian pada 21 Dusun di Kabupaten S olok. Analisis dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran kontaminasi E. coli pada penyajian M P-ASI lokal, kondisi faktor sanitasi rumah tangga, mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sanitasi rumah dengan kontaminasi E. coli dan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan kontaminasi tersebut . Penelitian ini menemukan lebih dari separuh (72,5%) MP-ASI lokal yang disajikan terkont aminasi E. coli. Keberadaan hewan yang berkeliaran di dalam rumah memiliki risiko dua kali lebih besar terkontaminasi E. coli pada penyajian MP-ASI lokal bagi bayi usia 6-12 bulan di rumah tangga.

Infant is the most vulnerable groupof safer infectious diseases caused by complementary food. Meanwhile complementary food safety was unknown. The study aimed to know Escheriacoli (E. coli) contamination in serving complementary food and relationship of house sanitation condition as clean water facilities, places for dishes infant food utensils,domestic wastewater facilities condition, garbage facilities condition and the present of domestic animals in houseto E. coli contaminationin serving. Study design was cross sectional, object of observation were 138 household that serving complementary food for 6-12 month old infants. Location of study was in 21 subvilages at Solok District. Data analysis was used to know description of E. coli contamination, household sanitation condition, relationship between household sanitation factor with E. coli contamination and the most significant sanitation factors that have relationship with that contamination. This study found (72.5%) serving complementary food have been contaminated by E. coli. The domestic animals in the house, 2 times more risks to have E. coli contimination in complementary serving.

References

1. Ban Ki-moon. Global strategy for women’s and children’s health [mono- graph on the internet]. New York: United Nations; 2010 [cited 2012 Nov 12]. Available from: http://www.everywomaneverychild.org/ \images/content/files/global_strategy/full/20100914_gswch_en.pdf.

2. World Health Organization (WHO). Contaminated food: a major cause of diarrhoea and associated malnutrition among infants and young chil- dren. Facts Infant Feed [serial on the internet]. 1993 Apr; (3): 1-4 [cited 2012 Nov 10]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/- pubmed/12344884.

3. Division of Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases Food Safety and Nutrition. Food safety and high risk group [cited 2012 Des 15]. Available from: http://www.afro.who.int/en/downloads/doc_down- load/1721—food-safety-and-high-risk-groups-fact-sheet-1-.html.

4. Kendall P, Medeiros LC, Hillers V, Chen G, DiMascola S. Food han- dling behaviors of special importance for pregnant women, infants and young children, the elderly, and immunecompromised people. J Am Diet Assoc [serial on the internet]. 2003; 103 (12): 1646-9 [cited 2010 Nov 12]. Availablle from: http://www.adajournal.org/article /S0002-8223%2803%2901370-1/abstract.

5. Division of Health Promotion and Protection Food and Nutrition Program-PAHOWHO. Guiding principles for complementary feeding of the breastfed child [monograph on the internet]. Washington DC: PAHO WHO. 2003.p.8-9 [cited 2011 Dec 11]. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/paho/2003/a85622.pdf.

6. Michaelsen KF, Weaver L, Branca F, Robertson A. Feeding and nutrition of infants and young children [monograph on the internet]. Copenhage: WHO Regional Publications; 2003 [cited 2011 Dec 21]. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/98302/WS_115 _2000FE.pdf.

7. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pedoman umum pemberian makanan pendamping air susu ibu (MP-ASI) lokal. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2006 [diakses tanggal 21 Desember 2011]. Diunduh dari: http://gizi.depkes.go.id/pedoman-gizi/down- load/MP-ASI%20LOKAL.pdf.

8. World Health Organization (WHO). Five keys to safer food manual [monograph on the internet]. Geneva: Department of Food Safety, Zoonoses and Foodborne Diseases WHO; 2006 [cited 2011 Dec 21]. Available from: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/con- sumer/manual_keys.pdf .

9. Feng, P, Weagant S, Grant M. BAM: enumeration of Escherichia coli and the Coliform bacteria. In: bacteriological analytical manual [Monograph on the internet]. US Food and Drugs Administration; 2002 [cited 2011 Dec 21]. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/food/ scienceresearch/laboratorymethods/bacteriologicalanalyticalmanual- bam/ucm064948.htm#conventiona.

10. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Solok. Profil kesehatan Kabupaten Solok 2005. Solok: Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Solok; 2005.

11. Cohen L, Manion L, Morrison K. A Rouutledge Companion website re- search methods in education [cited 2011 Dec 21]. Available from: http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415368780/B /ch9box.asp.

12. Lwanga SK, Lemeshow S. Simple size determination in health study a practical manual. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1991.

13. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Petunjuk pemeriksaan mikrobiologi makanan dan minuman. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 1991.

14. World Health Organization. Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli [cited 2011 Dec 21]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre /factsheets/fs125/en/.

15. United State Food and Drugs Admninistration (USFDA). Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) bad bug book: foodborne pathogenic microor- ganisms and natural toxins handbook Escherichia coli [monograph on the internet]. US Food and Drugs Administration; 2007 [cited 2011 Dec 11]. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/Food- borneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadB ugBook/ucm071284.htm.

16. Blackburn CW, McClure PJ. Foodborne pathogens hazards, risk analysis and control. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Ltd and CRC Press LLC; 2002.

17. Carlos C, Alexandrino F, Stoppe NC, Sato MI, Ottoboni LM. Use of Escherichia coli BOX-PCR fingerprints to identify sources of fecal con- tamination of water bodies in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Journal of Environmental Management. 2012; 93 (1): 38-43.

18. Motarjemi Y, Kaferstein F, Moy G, Quevedo F. Contaminated food, a hazard to the very young. World Health Forum [serial on the internet]. 1994; 15: 69 [cited 2012 Nov 9]. Available from: https://extranet.- who.int/iris/restricted/bitstream/10665/51511/1/WHF_1994_15%281 %29_p69-71.pdf .

19. Motarjemi Y. Research priorities on safety of complementary feeding. Pediatrics [serial on the internet]. 2000; 106 (suppl): 1304-5 [cited 2011 Dec 11]. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/- content/106/ Supplement_ 4/1304.full.

20. Kaferstein, FK. Food safety: the fourth pillar in the strategy to prevent infant diarrhoea. Bulletin of the World Health Organization [serial on the internet]. 2003; 81 (11): 842-3 [cited 2012 Des 21]. Available from: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/81/11/ kaferstein1103.pdf.

21. Jay JM. Modern Food Microbiology. 6th ed. Gatherburgs, Maryland: Aspen Publication; 2000.

22. Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A. Comparative quantification. Available from: http://www.who.int/publications/cra/chapters/volume2/1321- 1352.pdf.

23. World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for drinking-water qua- lity. 4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.

24. World Health Organization (WHO). Food safety and foodborne illness [cited 2011 Dec 21]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacen- tre/facesheets/fs237/en/index.htm

Download

Share

COinS