Abstract

Sindrom Metabolik (SM) merupakan faktor risiko penting penyakit kardiovaskuler yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia. Perbedaan gender pada SM berkontribusi terhadap perbedaan gender pada penyakit kardiovaskuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi dan risiko SM berdasarkan gender di perkotaan Indonesia menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2007 dan menggunakan rancangan penelitian potong lintang. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari 13.262 orang pria dan wanita yang tidak hamil berusia lebih dari 15 tahun yang bermukim di daerah perkotaan. Variabel penelitian meliputi variabel dependen sindrom metabolik. Variabel independen utama adalah gender dan variabel kovariat yang lain adalah level 1 (umur, status perkawinan, pendidikan, stres, merokok, dan aktivitas fisik), level 2 (pendapatan keluarga, konsumsi energi rumah tangga, konsumsi protein rumah tangga, konsumsi serat rumah tangga, anggota rumah tangga, dan balita dalam rumah tangga), dan level 3 (provinsi, status urban, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM)). Analisis dilakukan dengan multilevel regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa prevalensi SM adalah 17,5 %, prevalensi pada wanita (21,3%) lebih tinggi daripada pria (12,9%). Risiko sindrom metabolik berdasarkan gender bergantung pada status umur, pendidikan, dan perkawinan dari individu. Variasi kejadian SM berdasarkan pendapatan keluarga kecil (nilai MOR 1,21) dan variasi kejadian SM berdasarkan provinsi juga kecil (nilai MOR 1,18).

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is an important factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). One of the main causes of death in Indonesia is CVD. Gender differences in MS may contribute the gender differences in CVD. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and MS risk by gender in the urban population of Indonesia using Riskesdas 2007 data and cross-sectional design study. Population of study consisted of 13,262 men and non pregnant women over 15 years old lived in urban area. Variables included in this study are MS as the dependent variable and gender as the main independent variable. The covariate variables consisted of: level 1 variables (age, marital status, education, stress, smoking, and physical activity), level 2 (family outcome, household energy consumption, protein consumption, fiber consumption, members, and toddler under 5 years), level 3 (province, urban status, and human development index). Multilevel logistic regression used in data analysis. Result showed that prevalence of MS was 17,5%, on women (21.3%) was higher than men (12.9%). The risk of MS by gender was depent on age, educational level, and marital status of individual. The variation of MS occurrence among the family incomes was small (MOR 1.21), and the variation of MS occurrence among the provinces was also small (MOR 1.18).

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