Abstract

Kelahiran posyandu pada tahun 1980-an merupakan usaha pemerintah Indonesia untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakat, mengikuti panggilan internasional, Deklarasi Alma Ata (Kazakhstan) tentang kesehatan masyarakat tahun 1978. Konsep kunci deklarasi tersebut adalah partisipasi masyarakat. Di Indonesia, partisipasi masyarakat disebut “gotong royong”. Masyarakat memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan kesehatan masing-masing. Untuk melibatkan masyarakat dalam kesehatan masyarakat, relawan harus direkrut dan dilatih untuk mengenal isu-isu kesehatan masyarakat dasar. Gagasan mengenai relawan yang disebut kader (village health worker) tersebut diajukan agar relawan sebagai bagian dari masyarakat dapat lebih mudah menyampaikan program-program kesehatan karena lebih dekat dibandingkan pejabat kesehatan masyarakat. Di dalam artikel ini dibahas tentang Posyandu yang pada dasarnya merupakan pendekatan sosiokultural dalam pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia.

The birth of Integrated services post (Posyandu) in 1980s is no doubt based on the effort of the Goverment of Indonesia to improve the health status of the population following the International call the Declaration of Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan) about Primary Health Care in 1978. The key concept of the declaration is community participation. In Indonesia specifically the community participation is called “gotong royong”. Community plays an important role in the improvement of their own health. To involve community in the health care, the volunteer has to be recruited and trained to recognize basic health care issues. The idea is that the volunteers that called village health worker (kader) as part of the community would be much easier to deliver health programs because they are closer to them compare to the public health officials. This paper is intended to discuss Posyandu which is basically a sociocultural approach for primary health care as a strategy to improve the health status of Indonesian people.

References

1. World Health Organization. Primary health care. Report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1978.

2. Hartono B. Promosi kesehatan: sejarah dan perkembangannya di Indonesia. Jakarta: Rhineka Cipta; 2011.

3. Lewis ND, Kieffer E. The health of women: beyond maternal and child health. In: Phillips DR, Verhasselt Y, editors. Health and development. New York: Routledge; 1994. p. 122-37.

4. World Health Organization-Regional Office for South-East Asia. Application of sociocultural approaches to accelerate the achievement of MDGs 4 and 5. Report of a biregional consultation. 2009 Aug 11-13, Tanah Lot Bali, Indonesia. Tanah Lot Bali: WHO; 2009.

5. Utomo B. Challenges in addressing safe motherhood issues in Indonesia. Emerging Issues of Health and Mortality in the Asian and Pacific Region. Asian Population Studies Series No. 163. New York: United Nations ESCAP; 2005.

6. Assai M, Siddiqi S, Watts S. Tackling social determinants of health through community based initiatives. British Medical Journal. 2006; 33: 854-6.

7. Heritage Z, Dooris M. Community participation and empowerment in Healthy Cities. Health Promotion International. 2009; 24 (suppl 1): i45-i55.

8. Macdonald J. The culture of health and illness. In: Davis P, Dew K, editors. Health and society: in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004.

9. Preston R, Waugh H, Larkins S, Taylor J. Community participation in rural primary health care: intervention or approach? Australian Journal of Primary Health. 2010; 16 (1): 4-16.

10. Ross MG. Community organization: theory, principles, and practice. New York: Harper and Row Publishers; 1967.

11. World Health Organization. Community participation in local health and sustainable development: approaches and techniques. European Sustainable Development and Health Series: 4. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.

12. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Sistem kesehatan nasional. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 1982.

13. The Lancet. Social determinants of health and outcomes in New Zealand. The Lancet. 2012; 379 (9821): 1075.

14. Köllmann N, van Veggel C. Posyandu: theory and practice. In: Boomgaard P, Sciortino R, Smyth I, editors. Health Care in Java: past and present. Leiden: KITLV Press; 1996.

15. Lindström B, Eriksson M. Salutogenesis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2005; 59 (6): 440–2.

16. Breed M, Cilliers F, Visser D. The factor structure of six salutogenic constructs. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology. 2006; 32 (1): 74-87.

17. Lindström B, Eriksson M. Contextualizing salutogenesis and Antonovsky in public health development. Health Promotion International. 2006; 21 (3): 238-44.

18. Hidayat B, Tuhiman H, Prawiradinata R, Sumadi P. Program keluarga harapan dan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan preventif. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. 2011; 5(5): 218-26.

Download

Share

COinS