Abstract

Secara global, dunia dihadapkan pada masalah penyakit tidak menular yang semakin meningkat. Perkembangan terkini menunjukkan bahwa kekurangan gizi pada masa janin dan usia 2 tahun pertama kehidupan berpengaruh sangat penting terhadap risiko terjadi berbagai penyakit tidak menular yang kronis pada usia dewasa. Prevalensi berbagai penyakit tidak menular di Indonesia tergolong tinggi, antara lain hampir sepertiga penduduk dewasa menderita penyakit tekanan darah tinggi. Oleh sebab itu, pada masa yang akan datang, Indonesia dihadapkan pada beban yang berat akibat biaya penatalaksanaan yang tinggi dan produktivitas penduduk yang rendah akibat penyakit tersebut. Prevalensi penyakit tidak menular yang tinggi pada penduduk miskin di Indonesia mengindikasikan pengaruh gaya hidup yang tidak sehat dan kekurangan gizi pada usia kehidupan dini sejak masa di dalam kandungan. Oleh sebab itu, upaya mengatasi masalah tersebut yang hanya dilakukan melalui perbaikan pola hidup tidak akan efektif. Direkomendasikan untuk melakukan upaya yang lebih fokus kepada akar utama permasalahan dalam memberikan lingkungan gizi yang optimal kepada janin melalui perbaikan status gizi ibu hamil dan kepada bayi usia 0 – 2 tahun.

Globally, the concern on high prevalence of chronic diseases on adults is increasing. Current mounting evidence confirmed that nutritional deficiency in early life, i.e. during fetal stage and the first two years of age, contribute significantly to the increasing risk of having chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD) later in life. The high prevalence of a number of NCDs in Indonesia is high, warrant a special attention. For example, almost one third of Indonesian adults having high blood pressure. Hence, Indonesia in the future is facing a considerable financial burden as the result of a high expenditure needed for the treatment and rehabilitation of the diseases, and low productivity related to the disease. The high prevalence of NCDs among poor population in Indonesia indicated that these diseases are not merely the result of unhealthy lifestyle, instead they very likely are the results of undernutrition in early life, which was started since fetal stage. Therefore, an attempt to address these problems through improvement of lifestyle alone will not be effective. Effort directed specifically to the root of the problems, i.e. providing an optimal nutrition environment to the fetus through improvement of maternal nutritional status, and infant 0 – 2 years of age, is recommended.

References

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