Abstract

Di Indonesia, timbulnya hipertensi telah diamati pada populasi lebih muda. Studi sebelumnya menemukan bahwa hipertensi dapat terjadi pada masa remaja, bahkan masa kecil. Tujuan penelitian potong lintang ini adalah memberikan estimasi berbasis populasi prevalensi dan faktor risiko hipertensi pada pelajar dan mahasiswa di Surabaya, Indonesia. Dengan sfignomanometer merkuri diukur tekanan darah pada 335 partisipan yang dikelompokkan ke dalam kelompok usia 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, dan 20-26 tahun. Data prevalensi dikaitkan dengan jenis kelamin, usia, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), dan riwayat diabetes dan/atau penyakit kardiovaskular pada keluarga. Hipertensi pada anak ditentukan sesuai dengan the Update on the Task Force Report (2004). Partisipan lain dikelompokkan menurut JNC-7 untuk diagnosis hipertensi. Peserta sebanyak 31 (9,3%) didapatkan telah mengalami hipertensi. Prevalensi hipertensi cenderung meningkat sejalan usia dari 0% pada 5-9 tahun dan 8,1% pada 10-14 tahun men-jadi 15,2% pada 20-26 tahun. Hipertensi terjadi pada 18 laki-laki dan 13 perempuan. Usia lebih 20 tahun dan riwayat penyakit jantung pada keluarga merupakan faktor risiko signifikan untuk hipertensi. Faktor-faktor lain, seperti IMT dan riwayat keluarga diabetes, tidak signifikan. Gizi buruk pada anak di usia emas (0-5 tahun) berperan utama meningkatkan risiko hipertensi di masa depan. Di Indonesia, skrining hipertensi rutin harus dilakukan pada dewasa muda usia 20 tahun.

In Indonesia, the onset of hypertension has been observed in younger populations. Previous studies showed that hypertension occurred in adolescence, even in childhood. This cross sectional study aimed to provide a population-based estimation of hypertension prevalence and risk factors among school and college students in Surabaya, Indonesia. Using mercury sphygmomanometer blood pressure was measured in 335 participants grouped into 5-9, 10- 14, 15- 19, and 20-26 years of age. The prevalence data was linked to sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and a family history of diabetes and/ or cardiovascular disease. Hypertension in children was determined according to the Update on the Task Force Report (2004) and to the JNC-7 for other participants. Thirty one (9.3%) participants had developed hypertension. Hypertension prevalence tended to increase with age from 0% at 5-9 years and 8.1% at 10-14 years to 15.2% at 20-26 years. Hypertension developed in 18 males and 13 females. Aged more than 20 years and family history of heart disease were significant risk factors for hypertension. Other factors, such as BMI and a family history of diabetes, were not significant. Malnutrition among children in golden age (0-5 years) plays major role in increasing future risk of hypertension. Routine hypertension screening should be done in young adults aged 20 years in this country.

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