Abstract

Angka kematian neonatal Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-10 tertinggi di dunia disebabkan kejadian bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berat lahir terhadap kelangsungan hidup neonatal. Penelitian dengan desain studi kohort retrospektif ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2007. Sampel meliputi 11.748 bayi yang memenuhi kriteria anak terakhir lahir hidup, lahir tunggal, dan saat wawancara berumur minimal 28 hari. Probabilitas kumulatif kelangsungan hidupneonatal di Indonesia adalah 98,49% dan cenderung semakin rendah sesuai dengan berat lahir, pada neonatal dengan berat lahir rendah adalah 95,68% dan neonatal berat lahir sangat rendah adalah 89,83%. Berat lahir berinteraksi dengan paritas ibu. Artinya, pengaruh berat lahir terhadap kelangsungan hidup neonatal berbeda berdasarkan paritas ibu. Bayi BBLR dari ibu paritas multipara dan grande multipara berisiko 2,9 kali dan 3,9 kali untuk mengalami kematian pada periode neonatal dibandingkan bayi lahir dengan berat normal. Disarankan untuk melakukan intervensi dini mencegah bayi lahir BBLR dan penanganan intensif terhadap bayi lahir BBLR.

Neonatal mortality rate in Indonesia was ranked as 10th highest in the world because of high prevalence of infants low birth weight. This research used Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2007 data with retrospective cohort design. The purposes of the research are to measure the probability ofneonatal survival according to birth weight and to identify effect of birth weight on neonatal survival. The number of sample is 11.748 infants with inclusion criteria born alive, single birth, and at least 28 days old when interviewed.The study found the cumulative probability of neonatal survival in Indonesia was 98,49% and getting lower according to birth weight, at neonatal with low birth weight is 95,68% and 89,83% at neonatal with very low weight. Birth weight modification related to maternal parity, so that the influence of birth weight on neonatal survival depent on the maternal parity. Low birth weight infants of multiparous and grandemultiparous maternal parity risk 2,9 and 3,9 times experienced death in the neonatal period compared with normal birth weight. Early interventions to prevent low birth weight and intensive care to infants with low birth weight are suggested.

References

1. Simbolon D. Kelangsungan hidup bayi di perkotaan dan pedesaan Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. 2006; 1 (1): 3-10.

2. World Health Organization. The world health report 2005: make every mother and child count. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.

3. Badan Pusat Statistik, Badan Kependudukan Keluarga Berencana Nasional, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Survei demografi dan kesehatan Indonesia 1991-2007. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2007.

4. United Nations. The millennium development goals reports 2010. New York: United Nations; 2010.

5. Djaja, Sarimawar, Afifah, Tin, Sukroni, Ahmad. Peran faktor sosioekonomi dan biologi terhadap kematian neonatal. Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia. 2007; 57 (8).

6. Hill K, Choi Y. Neonatal mortality in the developing world. Demographic Research. 2006; 14 (18): 429-52.

7. Lawn. 4 million neonatal deaths: when? where? why? Lancet (serial on the Internet). 2005; 365 (9462): 891-900. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com.

8. World Health Organization. Neonatal and perinatal mortality. Geneva: World Health Organization Press; 2006.

9. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Riset kesehatan dasar tahun 2010. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2010.

10. Administrative Committee on Coordination/Subcommittee on Nutrition. Fourth report on the world nutrition situation. Geneva: Administrative Committee on Coordination/Subcommittee on Nutrition in collaboration with the International Food Policy Research Institute; 2000.

11. Noviani. Hubungan berat bayi lahir rendah (BBLR) dengan kejadian kematian neonatal dini di Indonesia tahun 2010 (analisis data riskesdas 2010) [tesis]. Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia; 2011.

12. World Health Organization. Use of a simple anthropometric measurement to predict birth weight. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Birth Weight Surrogates. Bull World Health Organization. 1993; 71: 157-63.

13. University of California San Francisco Childrens Hospital. Intensive care nursery house staff manual: very low and extremely low birthweight infants. San Francisco: The Regents of the University of California; 2004.

14. Kramer MS. Determinant of low birth weight. Methodological Assessment and Meta Analysis. Bull. Of the WHO. 1987; 56 (5): 663- 737.

15. Gravholt CH. Epidemiological, endocrine, and metabolic features in turner syndrome. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2004; 151: 657–87.

16. Martinus G. Bedah kebidanan martinus. Edisi ke-12. Friedman EA, editor. Jakarta: EGC; 1997.

17. Rutstein. Further evidence of the effects of preceding birth intervals on neonatal, infant, and under five years mortality and nutritional status in developing countries: evidence from the demographic and health survey. The DHS Working Papers. 2008.

18. Conde-Aqudelo A, Rosas-Bermudez A, Kafung-Goeta AC. Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: a meta analysis. The Journal of The American Medical Association. 2006: 295 (15): 1809-23.

19. Royston E, Armstrong S. Preventing maternal death. World Health Organization. Maulany RF, alih bahasa. Pencegahan kematian ibu hamil. Perkumpulan Perinasia. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara; 1989.

20. Law. Newborn survival. In: Disease control priority in developing countries. 2005. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov.

21. Gray, Ronald H. Levels and determinants of early neonatal mortality in Natal, Northeastern Brazil: result of a surveillance and case control study. International Journal Epidemiolog. 1991; 20 (2): 467-75.

22. United States Agency for International Development. Health related research and development activities at USAID. United States of America: United States Agency for International Development; 2006.

23. Stephansson, Olof; Dicman, Paul W, Cnattingius, Sven. The influence of interpregnancy interval on the subquent risk of stillbirth and early neonatal death. The American College of Obstericians and Gynecologist. 2003; 102 (1): 101-8.

24. Titaley CR, Dibley, Michael J. Determinant of neonatal mortality in Indonesia. BMC Public Health. 2008.

25. Rao S, Yajnik C. In: Symonds ME, Ramsay MM (editors). Maternal-fetal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2010.

Download

Share

COinS