Abstract

Anak penderita Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) di Indonesia memperlihatkan tren yang semakin meningkat karena meningkatnya proporsi perempuan terinfeksi HIV/AIDS. Pertimbangan pada dampak besar yang dihadapi anak penderita HIV mendorong kebutuhan pengembangan instrumen khusus untuk mengukur kualitas hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan instrumen kualitas hidup anak penderita AIDS dengan memodifikasi instrumen yang ada sesuai dengan konteks Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan hasil bahwa instrumen yang dikembangkan mempunyai reliabilitas yang cukup baik pada balita dan anak usia 5 – 11 tahun. Nilai reliabilitas (Cronbach’s Alpha) balita, domain fungsi fisik, fungsi sosial, dan gejala HIV masing masing adalah 0,71; 0,72; dan 0,88, sedangkan pada anak 5 – 11 tahun, domain fungsi-fungsi fisik, psikologis, sosial, sekolah, dan gejala terkait HIV masing-masing 0,76; 0,89; 0,67; 0,67; dan 0,88. Penelitian ini menunjukkan untuk konteks Indonesia, nilai ambang batas CD4 yang menunjukkan perbedaan kualitas hidup adalah 15%. Pada balita, dari berbagai ketiga domain, hanya domain gejala terkait HIV yang cukup sensitif untuk mendeteksi perbedaan kualitas hidup anak, sementara pada anak 5 – 11 hanya domain fungsi fisik dan fungsi psikologis yang cukup sensitif untuk mendeteksi perbedaan kualitas hidup anak. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dampak HIV pada anak masih terkonsentrasi pada gangguan fungsi fisik, fungsi psikologis, dan gejala terkait HIV.

Children with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia are increasing due to the increase of woman with HIV. A special instrument for measuring quality of life (QoL) of children with HIV is needed to be developed as the great impact of the infection to children. This study was conducted by modifying the existing QoL instrument of children for Indonesian context. The study indicated that the reliability of the instrument is quite good both for children under 5 and 5 – 11 years old. Reliability values (Cronbach’s Alpha) for under 5, domains of physical function, social function, and HIV-related symptoms are 71, 72, and 88 respectively while for children 5 – 11 years old, domains of physical, psychological, social, and school functions, and HIV-related symptoms are 76, 89, 67, 67, and 88 respectively. The study showed, for Indonesian context, 15% of CD4 is indicated as the threshold to detect the difference of QoL for children with HIV. However, for under 5 years old, only questions of HIV-related symptoms domain which is sensitive to detect difference QoL, whereas for children of 5 – 11 years old, the questions concerning physical and psychological domains which are sensitive to detect difference QoL. The study indicated that the impact of HIV on children is mostly on physical and psychological functions and HIV-related symptoms.

References

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