Abstract

Glaukoma adalah penyebab kebutaan permanen nomor dua di Indonesia yang sering tidak disadari oleh penderita. Proporsi pasien baru glaukoma yang datang ke RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dalam kondisi buta cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan kebutaan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 420 pasien glaukoma primer yang berkunjung di poliklinik penyakit mata RSCM pada Januari 2007-Oktober 2009 dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Cox’s Proportional Hazard Model untuk mendapatkan nilai prevalence ratio (PR). Penelitian ini didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara kebutaan akibat glaukoma primer tekanan intraokular (PR = 1,01; 95% CI = 1,01-1,02), jenis glaukoma, pengobatan sebelumnya dan interaksi antara jenis glaukoma dan pengobatan sebelumnya (PR 2,09 95% CI 1,36-3,22 ). Untuk sudut terbuka yang pernah mendapat pengobatan sebelumnya (PR = 1,72; 95% CI = 1,20-2,46) untuk sudut tertutup yang belum mendapat pengobatan; PR = 1,79 untuk sudut tertutup yang pernah mendapat pengobatan; dibandingkan sudut terbuka yang belum mendapat pengobatan) serta pendidikan (PR = 1,49; 95% CI = 1,06-2,08 untuk pendidikan rendah dan PR = 1,37; 95% CI = 0,97-1,92 dibandingkan dengan pendidikan tinggi).

Glaucoma is the second largest cause of blindness in Indonesia. Blindness caused by glaucoma is irreversible and most of the patients are unaware of the symptoms. The proportion of blindness in new glaucoma patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta was found high, resulting the need to explore factors related to it. The Study involved 420 samples consisted of new primary glaucoma patients visiting Eye Clinic of this hospital from January 2007 to October 2009, who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. To calculate the Prevalence Ratio (PR), Cox’s Proportional Hazard Model Analysis was used. As result, variables that is significantly associated with blindness among new patients with primary glaucoma at this hospital were intraocular pressure (PR = 1,01; 95% CI = 1,01-1,02), glaucoma type, treated patients, interaction between glaucoma type and treated patients (PR = 2,09; 95% CI = 1,36-3,22 for POAG-treated patients; PR = 1,72; 95% CI = 1,20-2,46 for PACG-untreated patients; PR = 1,79 for PACG-treated patiens; compared with POAG-untreated patients), and education level (PR = 1,49; 95% CI = 1,06-2,08 for low level education and PR = 1,37; 95% CI = 0,97-1,92 for no answer compared with high level education).

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