Abstract

Gizi merupakan faktor determinan utama yang berhubungan dengan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Anak-anak berusia kurang dari lima tahun adalah kelompok rentan untuk masalah gizi dan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini mendapatkan faktor status gizi yang paling dominan anak usia dibawah lima tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap sumber data sekunder data riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis multivariat untuk menilai berbagai faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan status nutrisi. Menggunakan berat badan untuk umur, faktor risiko paling dominan adalah diare setelah dikontrol dengan sumber air minum, ketersediaan latrine, status sosioekonomi, ukuran keluarga, gender, pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, penyakit saluran napas, pekerjaan ibu dan waktu pemberian air susu ibu sampai dua tahun. Menggunakan tinggi untuk tinggi badan faktor risiko dominan adalah ketersediaan latrines setelah dikendalikan oleh perilaku cuci tangan, status sosial ekonomi, sumber air minum, durasi pemberian ASI sampai dua tahun. Untuk mengatasi masalah gizi pada anak usia di bawah lima tahun dibutuhkan kebijakan yang terfokus memulihkan pertumbuhan dan status kesehatan anak usia di bawah lima tahun dengan korelasi antara program gizi dan program lain, seperti kesehatan lingkungan dan imunisasi. Selain itu, pemerintah harus mengatur peranan posyandu sebagai fasilitas yang membantu pemerintah untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakat.

Nutrition is one of the major determinant factors related to human resources quality. Under-five years old children are susceptible to nutrition and health problems. The purpose of this study is to identify the most dominant factor of nutritional status of under five children using Riskesdas data in 2007. Multivariate analysis results showed that the risk factor which mostly associated with nutritional status using weight for age was a diarrheal illness after being controlled by the source of drinking water, latrine availability, socio-economic status, family size, gender, utilization of health services, respiratory diseases, maternal employment, and duration of breastfeeding up to 2 years. Using height for age was the availability of latrines after being controlled by hand-washing habits, socioe-conomic status, source of drinking water, duration of breastfeeding up to 2 years, diarrheal disease, family size and gender. Using weight for height was sex after being controlled by age, drinking water sources, distance and time to health services and respiratory disease. To overcome malnourished problem in children under five years old, it is needed to establish a policy focusing on the recovery of the growth and health status for under-five children with correlation between nutrition program and other programs, such as environmental health (clean and healthy life style) and immunization. Beside that, the government should arrange the role of the posyandu as a facility that help government to increase the health status of community.

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