Abstract

Kata kualitas hidup sering dihubungkan dengan pembangunan, khususnya pembangunan manusia, yang sering dikaitkan dengan kondisi seseorang baik dalam keadaan sehat maupun sakit, untuk menunjukkan aktivitas fisik, atau kondisi seseorang dalam hidup sehari-harinya. Sebagian orang mengkaitkan istilah kualitas hidup dengan kondisi sejauh mana terpenuhinya kebutuhan dasar untuk hidup seperti sandang, pangan, papan dan pendidikan pada seseorang. Oleh karena itu, banyak penelitian mengukur kualitas hidup dengan instrumen yang berbeda-beda, termasuk mengukur kualitas hidup anak dan banyak instrumen yang telah dikembangkan. Tulisan ini mencoba membahas pengertian kualitas hidup dan cara mengukurnya, terutama pada anak. Belum ada konsensus mengukur atau menggambarkan definisi konseptual kualitas hidup, tetapi para peneliti setuju bahwa kualitas hidup adalah konsep multidimensional yang dapat diukur dengan berbagai pendekatan. Kualitas hidup didefinisikan sebagai perasaan utuh (overall sense) kesejahteraan seseorang dan meliputi aspek kebahagiaan (happiness) dan kepuasan hidup secara keseluruhan. Kualitas hidup disebut juga dengan istilah status kesehatan subjektif (subjective health status). Untuk mengukur kualitas hidup, termasuk kualitas hidup anak, bisa dilakukan baik pada orang atau anak sehat maupun menderita penyakit tertentu dengan menentukan dimensi (domain) yang berbeda-beda dan masing-masing dimensi bisa digali dengan sejumlah item pertanyaan atau pernyataan dalam jumlah yang berbeda juga, yang harus dijawab atau diisi oleh responden, anak, orang tua atau keduanya.

Quality of life (QoL) is very often to be associated with development, especially, human development, which is linked to condition of someone, either healthy or sick, to show daily physical activities. Some people are thinking that QoL is associated with basic needs of someone’s life such as clothe, food, house, and education. For these reasons, there are a lot of quality of life studies using different instruments, including child quality of life. There are also some instruments already developed to measure it. This paper is trying to discuss the meaning of QoL and how to measure it, especially for children. There is no consensus how to measure QoL as conceptual definition. However, researchers agree that it is multidimensional construct and that there are a variety of approaches by which it may be measured. Quality of life is defined as one’s overall sense of well-being and includes aspects of happiness and satisfaction with life as a whole, and it is called as subjective health status. To measure QoL, included children, either for healthy or specific illness, it can be done by different domains and for each domain consists of different number of items of questions or statements, which will be answered or filled up by either respondent, children, or both of them.

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