Abstract

Indonesia masih menghadapi tantangan besar dalam bidang gizi, yaitu gizi kurang dan gizi lebih. Makanan jadi “tidak sehat” yang melimpahnya dikemas secara sangat menarik, ditambah dengan pengertian salah tentang “4 Sehat 5 Sempurna” sebagai Gizi Seimbang memberikan kontribusi tidak kecil terhadap masalah gizi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pendekatan KIE (Komunikasi, Edukasi dan Informasi) di sekolah dapat merubah Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Praktek (PSP) anak sekolah tentang Gizi Seimbang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) di Kota Depok, melibatkan 132 anak kelas 4 dan 5. Desain penelitian adalah before and after, dengan metoda pengumpulan data secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Sebagian besar siswa dan ibunya ternyata mempunyai pendapat bahwa gizi seimbang sama dengan “4 Sehat 5 Sempurna”. Pengertian ini didapat murid dari apa yang diajarkan gurunya, sedangkan guru bersumber dari Buku Ajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Intervensi KIE telah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap, serta sebagian praktek murid dan orang tua. Disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan KIE mempunyai potensi yang baik untuk merubah PSP anak sekolah. Disarankan agar buku ajar guru disesuaikan sehingga materi yang disampaikan kepada murid sekolah berisi pesan yang tepat.

Indonesia is still being challenged by nutritional problems, both under and over nutrition. The availability of various “unhealthy” food with attractive packaging combined with misconception of balance diet as “4 Sehat 5 Sempurna”, might contribute to the situation. This study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of IEC strategy in changing the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding balance diet among elementary school communities. The study design is a before and after, located at two public schools in Depok, with 132 students grade 4 and 5 and their mother. Qualitative approach as well as baseline and endline surveys were used. Most students and their parents considered that balance diet is “4 Sehat 5 Sempurna”. This knowledge was originated from their teachers’ teaching and media. The teachers’ knowledge was based on the school reference book. The intervention has improved students main knowledge and attitude. While some practices have improved there are others that still need to be improved. It is concluded that IEC intervention is potential to change the KAP of the students. Teachers need to be supported by correct reference book to be in line with what they are teaching.

References

  1. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Departemen Kesehatan, Republik Indonesia. Riset kesehatan dasar (RISKESDAS) 2007. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI; 2007.
  2. Epstein LH, Gordy CC, Raynor HA, Beddome M, Kilanowski CK and Paluch R. Increasing fruit and vegetable intake and decreasing fat and sugar intake in families at risk for childhood obesity. Obesity Research. 2001; 9 (3).
  3. Lutz C and Przytulski K. Nutrition and diet therapy. 3rd edition. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company; 2001.
  4. Healthy Eating Politics. Alternative views on food and nutrition. USDA Food Pyramid History. Diunduh dari http://www.healthy-eating-politics.com/usda-food-pyramid.htm.
  5. Direktorat Jenderal Bina Kesehatan Masyarakat, Departemen Kesehatan RI. Pedoman umum gizi seimbang (PUGS) panduan untuk petugas. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI; 2003.

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