Abstract

Pencemaran udara perkotaan yang berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan masyarakat sering dikaitkan dengan PM 10, NO2, dan ozon, polutan reaktif yang memicu kerusakan jaringan dalam saluran napas melalui mekanisme stres oksidatif dan inflamasi saluran napas. Pajanan jangka panjang polutan tersebut berpengaruh terhadap gangguan pernapasan, penurunan fungsi paru, asma, serta penyakit sistem pernapasan kronik lain seperti penyakit paru-paru obstruktif kronik. Program Langit Biru merupakan salah satu upaya mengurangi pencemaran udara dari sektor transportasi yang dicanangkan sejak tahun 1996. Hingga kini, kontribusi Program Langit Biru terhadap penurunan kasus gangguan pernapasan pada anak belum dapat diperkirakan, antara lain disebabkan oleh karena pelaksanaan program melalui kegiatan riil yang baru terwujud beberapa tahun setelah dicanangkan, serta berbagai kendala lainnya. Padahal, beberapa penelitian di negara lain menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian pencemaran udara dapat memberikan kontribusi yang cukup signifikan bagi penurunan kasus-kasus penyakit pernapasan pada anak. Oleh karena itu, agar terwujud kualitas udara yang aman bagi kesehatan, dibutuhkan dukungan dan peran yang lebih besar dari pemerintah, pelaksana program, dan masyarakat.

Urban air pollution that have negative impact on public health is frequently related to PM10, NO2, and ozone, the reactive pollutants that could trigger internal tissue of respiratory tract through mechanism of oxidative stress and respiratory tract inflammation. Long term exposure to the pollutant related to respiratory abnormality, lung function, asthma, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Blue Sky Program is one measure for reducing air pollutant of transportation sector and has been designed since 1996. Until now, the blue sky program contribution on respiratory track disorder reduction on children has not been predicted yet, due to delay in program implementation and real activities were just been realized years after the program declaration and also due to other constraints. Researches in other countries show that air pollution control contributes significantly to the reduction of respiratory track disease among children. To achieve healthy air quality, bigger support and more active role from government, program manager and public are essentially needed.

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