Abstract

An integrated analysis of various Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) studies is needed to evaluate the reduction rate of the risk of rehospitalization in COVID-19 patients. This meta-analysis aimed to provide an overview of the effectiveness of RPM. A literature search through online databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest, and Embase) was conducted from 2019 to 2022. After using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool, five studies on COVID-19 were selected. Based on the data collected from 2,685 participants (intervention = 1,060, control = 1,625), the use of RPM was found to reduce rehospitalization by 0.56 times compared to not using RPM (I2 = 9%; n = 2,685; OR 0.56 [95% CI 0.39-0.82]; p-value = 0.003). According to the characteristics analysis, sex, comorbidity of hypertension, heart failure, obesity, chronic lung, and chronic kidney disease had no significant effect on the risk being studied. It was only the comorbidity of diabetes that showed a significant impact. Both RPM intervention duration and long-term monitoring effectively reduced rehospitalization (>14 days). In brief, RPM may reduce hospitalizations in response to an impending epidemic. Future research should look into using RPM to treat chronic post-hospitalization conditions.

References

1. Zorlu SA, Oz A. A Novel Combined Model to Predict the Prognosis of COVID-19: Radiologicalmetabolic Scoring. Curr Med Imaging. 2024; 20: e110523216780. DOI: 10.2174/1573405620666230511093259.

2. Carvalho ARB, Sousa Neto AR, Silva MDFD, et al. Global research trends related to coronavirus disease 2019 and the aged: A bibliometric analysis. Sao Paulo Med J. 2023; 142 (2): e2022662. DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0662.R1.190523.

3. Suárez-Gil R, Casariego-Vales E, Blanco-López R, et al. Efficacy of telemedicine and telemonitoring in at-home monitoring of patients with COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2021; 10 (13): 2893. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132893.

4. Mallah SI, Ghorab OK, Al-Salmi S, et al. COVID-19: Breaking down a global health crisis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2021; 20 (1): 35. DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00438-7.

5. Javaid M, Haleem A, Vaishya R, et al. Industry 4.0 technologies and their applications in fighting COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020; 14, (4): 419-422. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.032.

6. Lukas H, Xu C, Yu Y, et al. Emerging Telemedicine Tools for Remote COVID-19 Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Management. ACS Nano. 2020; 14 (12): 16180–16193. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08494.

7. Alwan M, Bravinder J, Burnstein P, et al. Telehealth and remote patient monitoring for long-term and post-acute care: A primer and provider selection guide. Washington DC: The LeadingAge Center for Aging Services Technologies (CAST); 2015.

8. Pappot N, Taarnhøj GA, Pappot H. Telemedicine and e-Health Solutions for COVID-19: Patients’ Perspective. Telemed J E Health. 2020; 26 (7): 847–849. DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0099.

9. Martínez-García M, Bal-Alvarado M, Santos Guerra F, et al. Monitoring of COVID-19 patients via telemedicine with telemonitoring. Rev Clín Esp (English Edition). 2020; 220 (8): 472–479. DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2020.07.001.

10. Roblyer D. Perspective on the increasing role of optical wearables and remote patient monitoring in the COVID-19 era and beyond. J Biomed Opt. 2020; 25 (10): 102703. DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.25.10.102703.

11. Patel H, Hassell A, Cyriacks B, et al. Building a Real-Time Remote Patient Monitoring Patient Safety Program for COVID-19 Patients. Am J Med Qual. 2022; 37 (4): 342-347. DOI: 10.1097/JMQ.0000000000000046.

12. Gordon WJ, Henderson D, Desharone A, et al. Remote patient monitoring program for hospital discharged COVID-19 patients. Appl Clin Inform. 2020; 11 (5): 792–801. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721039.

13. Crotty BH, Dong Y, Laud P, et al. Hospitalization Outcomes Among Patients with COVID-19 Undergoing Remote Monitoring. JAMA Netw Open. 2022; 5 (7): e2221050. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.21050.

14. Pritchett JC, Borah BJ, Desai AP, et al. Association of a Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) Program With Reduced Hospitalizations in Cancer Patients with COVID-19. JCO Oncol Pract. 2021; 17 (9): e1293–e1302. DOI: 10.1200/OP.21.00307.

15. Oh SM, Nair S, Casler A, et al. A prospective observational study evaluating the use of remote patient monitoring in ED discharged COVID-19 patients in NYC. Am J Emerg Med. 2022; 55: 64-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.02.035.

16. Siregar KN, Sari DN, Wathan FM, et al. Langkah Demi Langkah Systematic Literature Review dan Meta-Analysis di Bidang Kesehatan. Depok: Universitas Indonesia Publishing; 2021

17. Aromataris E, Lockwood C, Porritt K, et al. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI; 2024. DOI: 10.46658/JBIMES-24-01.

18. Higgins JP, Savović J, Page MJ, et al. Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) SHORT VERSION (CRIBSHEET); 2019.

19. Sterne JA, Higgins JP, Elbers RG, et al. Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I): Detailed guidance; 2016.

20. Evidence Synthesis Hackathon. Robvis (visualization tool); 2022.

21. Marquez-Algaba E, Sanchez M, Baladas M, et al. COVID-19 follow-app. Mobile app-based monitoring of COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge: A single-center, open-label, randomized clinical trial. J Pers Med. 2022; 12 (1): 24. DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010024.

22. Kuo S, Aledia A, O’Connell R, et al. Implementation and impact on length of stay of a post-discharge remote patient monitoring program for acutely hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients. JAMIA Open. 2022; 5 (3): ooac060. DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooac060.

23. Ye S, Hiura G, Fleck E, et al. Hospital readmissions after implementation of a discharge care program for patients with COVID-19 illness. J Gen Intern Med. 2021; 36 (3): 722–729. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06340-w.

24. Goor HMR van, Breteler MJM, Loon K van, et al. Remote hospital care for recovering COVID-19 patients using telemedicine: A randomised controlled trial. 2021; 10 (24): 5940. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245940.

25. Farias FAC, Dagostini CM, Bicca YA, et al. Remote Patient Monitoring: A Systematic Review. Telemed J E Health. 2020; 26 (5): 576-583. DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2019.0066.

26. Ghosh A, Gupta R, Misra A. Telemedicine for diabetes care in India during COVID19 pandemic and national lockdown period: Guidelines for physicians. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020; 14 (4): 273-276. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.001.

27. Health Resources and Services Administration. Telehealth and remote patient monitoring. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2023.

28. Chen M, An W, Xia F, et al. Clinical characteristics of rehospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China. J Med Virol. 2020; 92 (10): 2146-2151. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26002.

29. Singh AK, Gupta R, Ghosh A, et al. Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020; 14 (4): 303-310. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.004.

Download

Share

COinS