"Job Satisfaction Among Health Workers at Primary Health Care in Palemb" by Asmaripa Ainy, Merri Nurmala Sarri et al.
 

Abstract

Health workers at primary health care are the frontline providers of community health services. This study aimed to investigate the level of job satisfaction of health workers at primary health care in Palembang City, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, and its influencing factors. Using a questionnaire developed by the authors' team, the study involved 257 samples. A total of 66.15% of respondents indicated high satisfaction, 21.79% reported moderate satisfaction, and 12.06% expressed dissatisfaction. A statistically significant correlation was found between knowledge, skills, income, promotion opportunities, work supervision, and relationships with colleagues and job satisfaction (p-value <0.001). The correlations were strong, with Spearman's rho of 0.822, 0.869, 0.912, 0.895, and 0.821, respectively. Statistical analysis of the Wilcoxon rank-sum and Kruskal-Wallis tests showed no significant differences in median satisfaction scores between sociodemographic groups (p-value 0.072 to 0.552>0.05). These findings showed that job satisfaction depends on multiple factors. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors play a key role in shaping job satisfaction. Health workforce management should prioritize organizational factors to sustain job satisfaction over sociodemographic factors. Key strategies include regular training, fair salaries, clear promotion paths, strong supervision, and fostering teamwork through leadership training and staff meetings.

References

1. Kitsios F, Kamariotou M. Job satisfaction behind motivation: An empirical study in public health workers. Heliyon. 2021; 7 (4): e06857. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06857.

2. Merga H, Fufa T. Impacts of working environment and benefits packages on the health professionals’ job satisfaction in selected public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: Using principal component analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019; 19: 494. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4317-5.

3. De Tran V, Vo TML, Di KN, et al. Job satisfaction of hospital pharmacists in a representative province in Mekong Delta, Vietnam. PLoS ONE. 2023; 19 (1): e0297955. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291201.

4. Chmielewska M, Stokwiszewski J, Filip J, et al. Motivation factors affecting the job attitude of medical doctors and the organizational performance of public hospitals in Warsaw, Poland. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020; 20: 1–12. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05573-z.

5. Vo TTD, Tuliao KV, Chen CW. Work Motivation: The Roles of Individual Needs and Social Conditions. Behav Sci. 2022; 12: 49. DOI: 10.3390/bs12020049.

6. Diakos G, Koupidis S, Dounias G. Measurement of job satisfaction among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Med Int. 2022; 3 (2): 1–5. DOI: 10.3892/mi.2022.62.

7. Mohammadiaghdam N, Doshmangir L, Babaie J, et al. Determining factors in the retention of physicians in rural and underdeveloped areas: A systematic review. BMC Fam Pract. 2020; 21: 216. DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01279-7.

8. Ainy et al. Job Satisfaction Among Health Workers at Primary Health Care in Palembang City, Indonesia Geta A, Biks GA, Dellie E, et al. Job Satisfaction and Associated Factors among Health Professionals Working at Public and Private Hospitals in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. BioMed Res Int; 2021. DOI: 10.1155/2021/6632585.

9. Barili E, Bertoli P, Grembi V, et al. Job satisfaction among healthcare workers in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE. 2022; 17 (10): e0275334. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275334.

10. Woldekiros AN, Getye E, Abdo ZA. Magnitude of job satisfaction and intention to leave their present job among nurses in selected federal hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 2022; 17 (6): e0269540. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269540.

11. Makholwa N, Tlou B, Dlungwane TP. Job satisfaction among rehabilitation professionals employed in public health facilities in KwaZulu-Natal. Afr Health Sci. 2023; 23 (2): 764-772. DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i2.87.

12. Wei H, Horsley L, Cao Y, et al. The associations among nurse work engagement, job satisfaction, quality of care, and intent to leave: A national survey in the United States. Int J Nurs Sci. 2023; 10 (4): 476–484. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2023.09.010.

13. Karaferis D, Aletras V, Niakas D. Job satisfaction of primary healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional survey in Greece. Acta Biomed. 2023; 94 (3): e2023077. DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i3.13878.

14. Kabunga A, Kigongo E, Okalo P, et al. Burnout and quality of life among healthcare workers in central Uganda. PLoS One. 2024; 19 (8): e0305713. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305713.

15. Abate HK, Mekonnen CK. Job satisfaction and associated factors among health care professionals working in public health facilities in Ethiopia: A systematic review. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021; 14: 821-830. DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S300118.

16. Goula A, Rizopoulos T, Stamouli MA, et al. Internal Quality and Job Satisfaction in Health Care Services. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19 (3): 1496. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031496.

17. Gedif G, Sisay Y, Alebel A, et al. Level of job satisfaction and associated factors among health care professionals working at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Res Note. 2018; 11: 824. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3918-0.

18. Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, et al. Multivariate data analysis. 8th ed. United Kingdom: Cengage Learning; 2018.

19. Lange T. Job satisfaction and implications for organizational sustainability: A resource efficiency perspective. Sustain. 2021; 13 (7): 3794. DOI: 10.3390/su13073794.

20. Amalia RN, Dianingati RS, Annisaa' E. Pengaruh jumlah responden terhadap hasil uji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner pengetahuan dan perilaku swamedikasi. Generics J Res Pharm. 2022; 2 (1): 9-15. DOI: 10.14710/genres.v2i1.12271.

21. Liu HY, Chao CY, Kain VJ, et al. The relationship of personal competencies, social adaptation, and job adaptation on job satisfaction. Nurs Educ Today. 2019; 83: 104199. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.08.017.

22. Soesanto E, Yanto A, Irani N, et al. Job satisfaction among primary health care nurses. Int J Public Health Sci. 2022; 11 (4): 1416-1423. DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v11i4.21529.

23. Mohamed RA, Salih O. Health workers’ job satisfaction and associated factors at public primary healthcare centers in Hargeisa, Somaliland: A cross-sectional study. Adv Public Health. 2024; 5532882. DOI: 10.1155/adph/5532882.

24. Liu D, Wang H, Zhang W, et al. Sociodemographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, motivational factors, and job satisfaction among primary health service practitioners. BMC Prim Care. 2025; 26: 24. DOI: 10.1186/s12875-025-02714-3.

25. Jovanovic D, Jankovic J, Mirilovic N. Sociodemographic inequalities in satisfaction with primary health care and utilization of chosen doctors’ services: A cross-sectional study. South East Eur J Public Health; 2023. DOI: 10.70135/seejph.vi.153.

26. Chang YC, Yeh TF, Lai IJ, et al. Job competency and intention to stay among nursing assistants: The mediating effects of intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18: 6436. DOI: 10.3390/ ijerph18126436.

27. Gul H, Usman M, Liu Y, et al. Does the effect of power distance moderate the relation between person environment fit and job satisfaction leading to job performance? Evidence from Afghanistan and Pakistan. Future Bus J. 2018; 4 (1): 68–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.fbj.2017.12.001.

28. Wang Q, Liu S, Fu Y, et al. Factors associated with primary care provider's job satisfaction and organizational commitment in China: A machine learning-based random forest analysis. Healthc. 2023; 11 (10): 1432. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101432.

29. Zhang X, Bai X, Bian L, et al. The influence of personality, alexithymia and work engagement on burnout among village doctors in China: A crosssectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021; 21: 1507. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11544-8.

30. Chen X, Al Mamun A, Hussain WMHW, et al. Envisaging the job satisfaction and turnover intention among the young workforce: Evidence from an emerging economy. PLoS ONE. 2023; 18 (6): 0287284. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287284.

31. Robianto F, Masdupi E, Syahrizal. The Effect of Career Development, Compensation, Work Environment and Job Satisfaction on Work Engagement. Proceedings of the 4th Padang International Conference on Education, Economics, Business and Accounting (PICEEBA-2 2019). 2020. p. 737–748. DOI: 10.2991/aebmr.k.200305.140.

32. Notarnicola I, Duka B, Lommi M, et al. Transformational leadership and its impact on job satisfaction and personal mastery for nursing leaders in healthcare organizations. Nurs Rep. 2024; 14 (4): 3561-3574. DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14040260.

33. Specchia ML, Cozzolino MR, Carini E, et al. Leadership Styles and Nurses’ Job Satisfaction. Results of a Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18 (4): 1552. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041552.

34. Wibowo S, Christian M, Sunarno S, et al. Determinants of Stress Recognition and Job Satisfaction in Hospitals for Health Professionals in Indonesia. JIEMS Journal Indust Eng Manag Syst. 2022; 15 (1): 26–34. DOI: 10.30813/jiems.v15i1.3601.

35. Zhou Q, Sacramento C, Martinaityte I. Work meaningfulness and performance among healthcare professionals: The role of professional respect and participative management. J Bus Res. 2023; 163: 113908. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113908.

36. Zajac S, Woods A, Tannenbaum S, et al. Overcoming Challenges to Teamwork in Healthcare: A Team Effectiveness Framework and EvidenceBased Guidance. Frontiers Commun. 2021; 6. DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2021.606445.

37. Paganin G, De Angelis M, Pische E, et al. The Impact of Mental Health Leadership on Teamwork in Healthcare Organizations: A Serial Mediation Study. Sustain. 2023; 15 (9): 7337. DOI: 10.3390/su15097337.

38. Ebenso B, Mbachu C, Etiaba E, et al. Which mechanisms explain the motivation of primary health workers? Insights from the realist evaluation of a maternal and child health programme in Nigeria. BMJ Glob Health. 2020; 5: e002408. DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002408.

Plum Print visual indicator of research metrics
PlumX Metrics
  • Usage
    • Downloads: 40
    • Abstract Views: 34
  • Captures
    • Readers: 1
see details

Share

COinS