Abstract

Kelompok yang paling rentan terhadap malaria adalah wanita hamil dengan berbagai akibat terhadap ibu dan janin yang dikandungnya. Di Indonesia, penelit- ian tentang hubungan kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria masih sangat jarang dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus control dengan sumber data proner di populasi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Way Muli Kecamatan Rajabasa, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Provinsi Lampung. Populasi studi adalah wanita usia 15 – 49 tahun yang datang pada saat penelit- ian pada periode November sampai dengan Desember 2006. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan pengambilan sediaan darah. Hasil pemerik- saan sediaan darah yang positif dijadikan sebagai kasus, kontrol dipilih secara acak dari hasil pemeriksaan darah yang negatif. Didapatkan 181 kasus dengan 40 orang (22,1%) wanita hamil. Penelitian ini menemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria. Wanita hamil lebih berisiko terkena malaria 2,66 kali daripada wanita tidak hamil (OR 2,66; CI 95% 1,38 - 5,13) setelah dikontrol dengan umur, status gizi, graviditas, paritas, pemakaian kelambu, aktifitas keluar rumah malam hari, dan pemakaian obat anti nyamuk. Wanita hamil perlu mendapat prioritas dalam upaya pemberantasan malaria dan pedonam penatalaksanaan malaria ibu hamil di daerah endemis malaria. Ibu hamil yang yang melakukan pemeriksaan ante natal care perlu mendapat penyuluhan malaria.

Pregnant woman is population group most susceptible to malaria and both mother and her foetus suffered varied negative impacts of malaria. In Indonesia, study on pregnancy and malaria is rarely conducted. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between pregnancy and malaria. This study employed case-control study design using primary data in population living in working area of Way Muli Community Health Center, Rajabasa Subdistrict, South Lampung District, Lampung Province. The study population is women 15 – 49 years old of age who attend to health center within November to December 2006 period. The data were collected through interview and blood laboratory test. Cases are women who have positive results of blood laboratory test and controls were selected randomly from women with negative result. There were 40 pregnant women (22.1%) among 181 cases. The sudy showed significant relationship between pregnancy and malaria. Pregnant women have 2.7 times higher risk of malaria compared to that of non pregnant woment (OR 2.66; CI 95% 1.38 – 5.13) after controlling for the age, nutritional status, parity, mosquito net use, night out door activity, and anti mosquito use. Pregnant women should be prioritized in malaria prevention programs and in management of malaria in endemic areas. Pregnant women who get ANC should also receive education on malaria.

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