Iwan Ariawan, Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; Reconstra Utama Integra, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Hafizah Jusril, Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; Reconstra Utama Integra, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Muhammad N Farid, Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaFollow
Pandu Riono, Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaFollow
Wiji Wahyuningsih, Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; Reconstra Utama Integra, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Widyastuti Widyastuti, Special Capital Region of Jakarta Provincial Health Office, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Dwi Oktavia T L Handayani, Special Capital Region of Jakarta Provincial Health Office, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Endang Sri Wahyuningsih, Special Capital Region of Jakarta Provincial Health Office, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Rebekka Daulay, Special Capital Region of Jakarta Provincial Health Office, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Retno Henderiawati, Special Capital Region of Jakarta Provincial Health Office, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Safarina G. Malik, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology-National Research and Innovation Agency, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Rintis Noviyanti, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology-National Research and Innovation Agency, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Leily Trianty, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology-National Research and Innovation Agency, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Nadia Fadila, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology-National Research and Innovation Agency, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Khin Saw Aye Myint, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology-National Research and Innovation Agency, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Frilasita A. Yudhaputri, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology-National Research and Innovation Agency, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Neeraja Venkateswaran, Tetracore, Inc. Rockville, MD, USAFollow
Kodumudi Venkateswaran, Tetracore, Inc. Rockville, MD, USAFollow
Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Division of Global Health Protection, Atlanta, GA, USAFollow
William A. Hawley, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Division of Global Health Protection, Atlanta, GA, USAFollow
Juliette Morgan, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, South America Regional Office, Brasilia, BrazilFollow
Paul M. Pronyk, The SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingaporeFollow

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in low- and middle-income countries remain poorly understood. This study aimed to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seroprevalence in Jakarta, Indonesia, and to increase knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in urban settings. A population-based serosurvey among individuals aged one year or older was conducted in Jakarta. Employing a multistage sampling design, samples were stratified by district, slum, and non-slum residency, sex, and age group. Blood samples were tested for IgG against three different SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Seroprevalence was estimated after applying sample weights and adjusting for cluster characteristics. In March 2021, this study collected 4,919 respondents. The weighted estimate of seroprevalence was 44.5% (95% CI = 42.5-46.5). Seroprevalence was highest among adults aged 30-49 years, with higher seroprevalence in women and the overweight/obese group. Respondents residing in slum areas were 1.3-fold more likely to be seropositive than non-slum residents. It was estimated that4,717,000 of Jakarta's 10.6 million residents had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. This suggests that approximately 10 infections were undiagnosed/underreported for every reported case. About one year after the first COVID-19 case was confirmed, close to half of Jakarta's residents have been infected by SARS-CoV-2.

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