Abstract

The use of long hormonal contraceptives can disrupt the balance of estrogen in the body, resulting in abnormal cell changes. This study aimed to determine a correlation between the duration of hormonal contraception and risk of cervical cancer. This study used a case-control design. The population were patients who had examined at a cancer installation and obstetrics-gynecology polyclinic Dr. Sardjito Hospital in 2018. Case samples were 95 women have cervical cancer diagnosis and control were 95 women with a negative pap smear. Sampling with random sampling. Dependent variable cervical cancer and independent variable the duration of hormonal contraception are obtained from medical records. Cervical cancer is assessed by doctor’s diagnosis. Data analysis used logistic regression. Results showed that 44.7% of samples used long-term hormonal contraception (over 5 years). Length of use of hormonal contraception had a significant correlation with the incidence of cervical cancer (p-value < 0.01). Hormonal contraceptive use more than 5 years have a risk 4.2 times (95% CI 1.01-5.69) of cervical cancer than using less than 5 years after being controlled with the first marriage age and parity

References

1. Darmayanti D, Hapisah H, Kirana R. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kanker leher rahim di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Jurnal Kesehatan. 2015; 6(2): 172-77.

2. Torres PK, Garcia B, Roman B, Martinez M, Diaz Z. Risk allelic load in Th2 and Th3 cytokines genes as biomarker of susceptibility to HPV-16 positive cervical cancer: A case control study. BMC Cancer. 2016; 16 (330): 1-14.

3. Moselhy EA, Borg HM, Atlam SA. Cervical cancer: Sociodemographic and clinical risk factors among adult Egyptian females. Journal of Oncology Research and Treatments. 2016; 1(1): 1-7.

4. Meihartati T. Hubungan faktor predisposisi ibu terhadap kanker servik. Dinamika Kesehatan. 2017; 8(1): 194-201.

5. World Health Organization [homepage on the Internet]. Geneva: Cancer Country Profiles; 2014 [updated 2014 November 12; cited 2018 January 17]. Available from: https://www.who.int/cancer/country-profiles/en/

6. Pradya N. Hubungan usia dan penggunaan pil kontrasepsi jangka panjang terhadap hasil pemeriksaan IVA positif sebagai deteksi dini kejadian kanker leher rahim. Majority. 2015; 4(7): 13-18.

7. Sulistiya DP, Pramono D, Nurdiati DN. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kanker serviks di Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital Yogyakarta. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat. 2017; 33(3): 125- 30.

8. Dinas Kesehatan DIY. Profil kesehatan DIY. Yogyakarta: Dinas Kesehatan DIY; 2017.

9. Setiati E. Waspadai 4 kanker ganas pembunuh wanita. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi; 2009.

10. Nartey Y, Hill PC, Amo Antwi K, Nyarko KM, Yarney J, Cox B. Factors contributing to the low survival among women with a diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer in Ghana. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. 2017; 27(9): 1926-34.

11. Tao L. Prevalence and risk factors for cervical neoplasia: A cervical can-cer screening program in Beijing. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14(1185): 1-9

12. Chih HJ, Lee AH, Colville L, Xu D, Binns CW. Condom and oral contraceptive use and risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Australian Women. Journal of Gynecologic Oncology. 2013; 25(3): 183-87

13. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil kesehatan Indonesia 2016. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2017.

14. Paramita S, Soewarto S, Widodo A, Sumitro SB. High parity and hormonal contraception use as risk factors for cervical cancer in East Kalimantan. Medical Journal of Indonesia. 2009; 19: 268-72.

15. Halimatusyaadiah S. Faktor-faktor risiko kejadian kanker serviks di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Propinsi NTB Tahun 2013–2014. Media Bina Ilmiah. 2016; 10(1): 58-63.

16. Pradipta B, Sungkar S. Penggunaan vaksin human papiloma virus dalam pencegahan kanker serviks. Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia.2007;57(11):391-96.

17. Silitonga S, Purnamasari D. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan faktor risiko kanker serviks di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi Tahun 2013. Scientia Journal. 2014; 3 (1): 15-20.

18. Sylvia AP, Wilson LM. Patofisiologi konsep klinis proses-proses penyakit. Jakarta: EGC; 2014.

19. American Society of Clinical Oncology [homepage on the Internet]. American: Cervical cancer: risk factors. 2017. [updated 2017 June 22; cited 2018 January 19]. Available from: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/cervical-cancer/risk-factors

20. Najib. Pengetahuan klien dan kualitas pelayanan sebagai dasar pemilihan alat kontrasepsi hormonal. Kesmas National Public Health Journal. 2011; 6(3): 111-16.

Download

Share

COinS