Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stroke including smoking status, past hypertension , past diabetes, diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption. The design of this study is case control with a ratio of 1: 1. The total number of respondents is 132 people. Research subjects were selected using systematic random sampling. This research was conducted at Ngudi Waluyo Hospital in Wlingi. Blitar, Indonesia in October till November 2017. Bivariate analysis showed that factors significantly related to stroke were smoking status (p=0.011, OR=2.6), history of past hypertension (p=0.00, OR= 6), past diabetes (p=0.015 ; OR=5,7), and unhealthy diet (p= 0,00; OR = 5,7). Multivariate analysis showed that factors that significantly influence stroke are smoking, having hypertension in the past, and unhealthy diet. Conclusion of this study was smoking, having hypertension in the past, and unhealthy diet are factors that influence the incidence of stroke. Maintaining normal blood pressure, maintaining a diet, and not smoking are precautions should be taken in order to prevent stroke.

References

1. Mackay J, Mensah G. The atlas of heart disease and stroke [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004 [cited 2017 July 12]. Available from: http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/resources/atlas/en/.

2. World Health Organization. The top 10 causes of death [homepage on the Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 [update 2017 January 12; cited 2018 July 12]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/.

3. Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Xu J. Deaths: final data for 2014. National Vital Statistics Reports [serial on the Internet]. June 2016. [Cited 2017 July 12]; 65(4). Available from: https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/40133.

4. Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH, Krishnamurthi R, Mensah GA, Connor M, Bennett DA, et al. Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990– 2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet. January 2014; 383(9913): 245-54. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4181600/.

5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [homepage on the Internet]. Stroke: about stroke. 2016 [updated 2016 December 28; cited 2017 July 8]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/about.htm.

6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [homepage on the Internet]. Adult tobacco use information: glossary. 2017 [updated 2017 August 29; cited 2017 July 8]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/tobacco/tobacco_glossary.htm.

7. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013 [monograph on the Internet]. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesua; 2013. [Cited 2017 July 20]. Available from: www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/general/Hasil Riskesdas 2013.pdf.

8. O’Donnell MJ, Chin SL, Rangarajan S, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, et al. Global and regional effects of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with acute stroke in 32 countries (INTERSTROKE): a case-control study. Lancet [serial on the Internet]. July 2016 [Cited 2017 July 15]; 388(10046): 761-75. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30506-2.

9. Shah RS, Cole JW. Smoking and stroke: the more you smoke the more you stroke. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy [serial on the Internet]. July 2010 [Cited 2017 July 20]; 8(7): 917-32. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602553.

10. Peters SAE, Huxley RR, Woodward M. Smoking as a risk factor for stroke in women compared with men. Stroke of the Journal of the American Heart Association [serial on the Internet]. October 2013 [Cited 2017 August 20]; 44 (10): 2821-8. Available from: http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/44/10/2821.long.

11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [homepage on the Internet]. Stoke: behavior. 2017 [updated 2017 January 17; cited 2017 Jul 8]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/behavior.htm.

12. Turin TC, Okamura T, Afzal AR, Rumana N, Watanabe M, Higashiyama A, et al. Hypertension and lifetime risk of stroke. Journal of Hypertension [serial on the internet]. January 2016 [Cited 2017 July 8]; 34(1): 116-22. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26556566 13. American Heart Association. [homepage on the Internet]. Dallas:

13. American Heart Association; 2017 [updated October 2016; cited 2017 Jul 20]. Available from: http://www.heart.org/.

14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [homepage on the Internet]. Diabetes home: about diabetes. 2017 [updated 2017 June 1; cited 2017 Jul 9]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/diabetes.html.

15. National Stroke Association [homepage on the Internet]. Centennial: National Stroke Association; 2013. Available from: http://www.stroke.org/sites/default/files/resources/DiabetesBrochure. pdf.

16. Hankey GJ. The Role of Nutrition in the risk and burden of stroke: an update of the evidence. Stroke of the Journal of the American Heart Association [serial on the Internet]. November 2017 [cited 2017 August 8]; 48(11): 3168-74. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28939673.

17. Threapleton DE, Greenwood DC, Evans CEL, Cleghorn CL, Nykjaer C, Woodhead C, et al. Dietary fiber intake and risk of first stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke of the Journal of the American Heart Association [serial on the Internet]. May 2013 [cited 2017 August 8]; 44(5): 1360-8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23539529.

18. Medeiros F, Casanova MDA, Fraulob JC, Trindade M. How can diet influence the risk of stroke?. International Journal of Hypertension [serial on the Internet]. April 2012 [cited 2017 August 8]; 763507. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijhy/2012/763507/.

19. Son WM, Kim DY, Kim YS, Ha MS. Effect of obesity on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in middle-aged Korean women. Osong Public Health Research Perspectives [serial on the Internet]. November 2017 [cited 2017 August 13]; 8(6): 369-72. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5749481/.

20. Hillbom M, Saloheimo P, Juvela S. Alcohol consumption, blood pressure, and the risk of stroke. Springer. June 2011 [cited 2017 August 20]; 13(3): 208-13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21327566.

21. Ghani, Lannywati K, Delima L, Mihardja. Faktor risiko dominan penderita stroke di Indonesia. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan. 44(1): 49-58.

22. Sofyan D. Hubungan umur, jenis kelamin, dan hipertensi dengan kejadian stroke. Medula. 2013; 1(1): 24-30. [cited 2017 Nov 20]. Available from: ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/medula/article/view/182/125.

23. Liu M, Wu B, Wang WZ, Lee LM, Zhang SH, Kong LZ. 2007. Stroke in China: epidemiology, prevention, and management. The Lancet Neurology. 6(5): 456-64. [cited 2017 Okt 15]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17434100.

24. Ravenni R, Jabre JF, Casiglia E, Mazza A. 2011. Primary stroke prevention and hypertension treatment: which is the first-line strategy?. Neurology International. July 2011 [cited 2017 Nov 20]; 3(2): 45 - 9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3207231/.

Share

COinS