Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis kemampuan mengemudi pada pengemudi lanjut usia (lansia) dibandingkan dengan usia muda di Jepang dan melihat keterampilan mengemudi yang kurang sehingga dapat memengaruhi risiko kecelakaan di jalan raya. Subjek penelitian adalah pengemudi usia muda dan lansia, terdiri dari 10 mahasiswa (20 - 24 tahun) dan 25 pengemudi lansia (14 laki-laki dan 11 perempuan) berasal dari The Silver Menpower Center, organisasi bagi lansia > 60 tahun. Pengemudi lansia dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu lansia 1 berusia 60 - 65 tahun (10 orang) dan lansia 2 berusia > 65 tahun (15 orang). Kemampuan mengemudi dievaluasi dengan simulator permainan mengemudi dalam laboratorium. Analisis dilakukan pada konsistensi dalam jalur, perubahan jalur, kepatuhan pada rambu lalu lintas, kemampuan berbalik kanan, mengerem/akselerasi, dan kecepatan mengemudi. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA. Secara umum, kemampuan pengemudi lansia 2 lebih rendah dibandingkan usia muda hampir di semua parameter, meliputi kekonsistenan dalam jalur (nilai p < 0,007), kepatuhan pada rambu lalu lintas (nilai p < 0,011), kemampuan berbalik kanan (nilai p < 0,001), dan keterampilan mengerem/akselerasi (nilai p < 0,001). Dalam keterampilan mengubah jalur, pengemudi usia muda menunjukkan skor signifikan (nilai p < 0,007) lebih tinggi dari kedua kelompok pengemudi lansia dimana lansia 1 (nilai p < 0,004); lansia 2 (nilai p < 0,001). Pengemudi > 65 tahun cenderung salah dalam melihat rambu lalu lintas karena terbatasnya penglihatan dan lamanya respons dalam mematuhinya. This study analyzed driving skill among Japanese elderly drivers compared to young drivers and see which less skilled that might impact road accident risk in highway. Subjects included young and elderly drivers, consisting of 10 college students (20 – 24 years old) and 25 elderly drivers (14 men and 11 women) coming from The Silver Manpower Centre, an organization for elderly > 60 years. Elderly drivers were divided into two age groups, namely elderly 1 aged 60 – 65 years (10 persons) and elderly 2 aged > 65 years (15 persons). Driving performance was evaluated by using driving game simulator in laboratory. Analysis was conducted on consistency in the lane, lane-changing skill, traffic sign compliance, right-turning skill, braking and driving speed. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA test. Generally, performance of elderly 2 was lower than the young almost in all parameters including consistency in the lane (p value < 0.007), traffic sign compliance (p value < 0.011), right-turning skill (p value < 0.001) and braking (p value < 0.001). In the lane-changing skill, young drivers showed significantly higher score (p value < 0.007) than both elderly groups in which elderly 1 (p value < 0.004); elderly 2 (p value < 0.001). The group > 65 years old were likely to be wrong on seeing traffic signs due to visual limitation and long response of compliance.

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