Abstract

Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) adalah penyebab utama rawat inap dan kematian pada anak-anak. Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang oleh WHO dikategorikan hyperendemicity dengan empat serotipe virus tersebar di daerah perkotaan. Faktor sosiodemografi dianggap sebagai faktor pendukung terjadinya DBD di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diunduh dari Basis Data Kesehatan Provinsi tahun 2010 Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia untuk menentukan korelasi antara ketiga faktor sosiodemografi dengan insiden DBD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskripsi korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua faktor sosiodemografi terpilih memiliki korelasi linier dengan insiden DBD. Analisa regresi multivariat menunjukkan kecilnya korelasi antara insiden DBD dengan sekaligus tiga faktor sosiodemografi terpilih. Akan tetapi, hasil perhitungan analisa regresi univariat menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan penduduk dan kemiskinan memiliki korelasi yang signifikan terhadap DBD. Kepadatan penduduk r(4) = 0,843, nilai p < 0,05, sedangkan kemiskinan r(4)= 0,897, nilai p < 0,05. Variabel usia di bawah 15 tahun tidak memiliki korelasi positif terhadap insiden DBD. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memiliki kontribusi terhadap program pencegahan DBD dengan cara membantu praktisi kesehatan masyarakat mengembangkan strategi pencegahan DBD, terutama yang berhubungan dengan faktor sosiodemografi. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. Indonesia is one of those countries categorized by World Health Organization (WHO) as hyperendemicity with four serotypes circulating in urban area. Sociodemographic factors are considered as factors affecting DHF in Indonesia. This study used secondary data downloaded from Province Health Database 2010 of Health Ministry Republic of Indonesia to determine correlation between three sociodemographic factors to DHF incidence. This study used quantitative descriptive correlational methods. Results showed the selected two sociodemographic factors had a linear impact on DHF incidence. Multiple regression multivariate analysis showed least correlation between DHF incidence and three selected sociodemographic factors. However, the univariate regression analysis showed that population density and poverty had significant correlation to DHF, respectively the population density r(4) = 0.843, p value < 0.05 and poverty r(4) = 0.897, p value < 0.05. Variable of age under 15 years old did not have any positive correlation to DHF. It is expected this study may have contribution to DHF prevention programs by helping public health practitioners develop more strategies with respect to the sociodemographic factors.

References

1. CDC. Dengue homepage. [Updated 2013 May; cited 2014 January]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/epidemiology/.

2. Friis R. Essentials of environmental health. USA: Jones and Bartlett Publ; 2007.

3. WHO. Dengue and severe dengue [cited December 2015]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/.

4. WHO. Regional office for South-East Asia. Dengue. 2015[ Cited December 2015].Available from : http://www.searo.who.int/entity/vector_borne_tropical_diseases/data/data_factsheet/en/index1.html.

5. Prima S, Achmadi UF. Manajemen demam berdarah basis wilayah. Buletin Jendela Epidemilogi [serial on internet]. 2010 [cited 2014 Jan 5]; 2(1). Available from: www.depkes.go.id/ download?phpfile../ buletin-dbd/.

6. Kementerian kesehatan Republik Indoneisa. Combat dengue fever needs commitment from all stakeholders. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2012.

7. Tomashek KM, Sharp TM, Margolis HM. Infectious disease related to travel. CDC. 2015 [cited 2015 June 5]. Available from: www.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-disease-related-to travel/dengue.

8. Wahab HA, Yusof R, Rahman NA. A search for vaccines and therapeutic for dengue: a review. Current Computer –Aided Drug Design. 2007; 3 (2): 341-52.

9. Carmona A, Orozco S, Peter F, Anne P, Laura K, Eva H. A novel coding-region RNA element modulates infectious dengue virus particle production in both mammalian and mosquito, cells and regulates viral replication in Aedes aegypti mosquitos. Virologi [serian on internet]. 2012 Oct [cited 2015 Jun 5]; 432 (2): 511-26. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S004268221200 3303.

10. World Health Organization. Global strategy for dengue prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012 [Cited 2014 January 5]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75303/ 1/9789241504034_eng.pdf.

11. Erica R W, Paula A. Community participation in dengue prevention and control- An urban neglected tropical disease. La Prensa Medica Argentina [serial on internet]. 2009 [cited 2015 Feb 4]; 89 (3): 185-95. Available from:http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&src=google&base=LILACS&lang=p&next Action=lnk&exprSearch=561892&indexSearch=ID 12. World Health Organization [Home page on the internet]. Dengue in Indonesia. 2011 [cited 2013 Dec 5]. Available from: www.ino.searo.who.int.

13. Dom NC, Ahmad A, Zulkiflee AL, Rodziah I, Biswajeet. Coupling of remote sensing data and environmental-related parameters for dengue transmission risk assessment in Subang Jaya, Malaysia. Geocarto International [serial on internet]. 2013 [cited Feb 2015]; 28 (3): 258-72. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/ 10106049.2012.696726

14. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia [homepage in the internet]. Waspada DBD di musim pancaroba. 2014 [cited 2015 January 10]. Available from: www.depkes.go.id/ article/view/5010200002/waspadadbd-di-musim-pancaroba.html.

15. Halstead SB, Nimmannitya SN. Observations related to pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever IV. Relation of disease severity to antibody response and virus recovered. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine [serial on internet]. 1970 [2015 Feb 5]; 42 (5): 311-28. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5419206.

16. Public Health Agency of Canada [homepage in the internet]. Dengue fever virus (DEN1, DEN2, DEN3, DEN4) pathogen safety data sheet. 2014 [cited 2015 Feb 4]. Available from: www.publichealth.gc.ca.

17. Chompoorsi J, Thavara U, Tawatsin A, Anantapreecha S, Siriyasatien P . Seasoning monitoring of dengue infection in aedes aegypti and serological feature of patients with suspected dengue in 4 central provinces of Thailand. The Thai Journal of Vetenary Medicine [serial on internet]. 2012 [cited 2015 Feb 5]; 42 (2): 185-93. Available from: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/230868218_Seasonal_ Monitoring_of_Dengue.

18. Sintorini M. Pengaruh iklim terhadap kasus demam berdarah dengue. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional [serial on internet]. 2007 [cited 2015 Feb 5]; 2(1): 11-8 Available from: http://jurnalkesmas.ui.ac.id/index.php/kesmas/article/view/279/279.

19. Gubler J, Vasuden S. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. 2nd Edition. UK: Oxford Shire; 2014.

20. Sumarmo. Dengue Hemorrhagic fever in Indonesia. South East Asian Journal Tropical Medicine and Public Health [serial on internet]. Sept 1987 [cited 2015 Feb 6]; 18: 269-74. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3433157.

21. World Health Organization [homepage in the internet]. Dengue guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. Geneva: WHO; 2009 [cited 2015 Feb 6]. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/ publications/2009/9789241547871-eng.pdf.

22. Wani AA, Mejally M, Hussain WH, Al Maimani W, Hanif S, Khiujah AM. Skin rash, headache and abdominal behavior; usual presentation of intracranial hemorrhage in dengue fever. BMJ Case Report [Serial online]. 2010; 2010 [cited 2015 Feb 10]. Available from: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3029086/.

23. Samsi TK, Wulur H, Sugianto D, Bartz CR, Tan R, Sie A. Some clinical and ideologically observations on virologically confirmed dengue hemorrhagic fever. Pediatrica Indonesiana [ serial on internet]. 1999 [cited 2015 Feb 10]; 30(2). Available from: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/2077462.

24. Bloom D, Canning D. The Health and poverty of nations: from theory to practice. Early Human Development [serial on internet]. 2003 [Cited 2015 Feb 8]; 4(1): 47-71. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1464988032000051487

25. United Nation Environment Program (UNEP)[homepage on the Internet]. Better environmental management for control. [cited 2013 Jan 5]. Available from: www.who.int/heli/risks/vectors/denguecontrol/en/.

26. Beaumier C M, Gillespie P M, Peter JH. Maria EB. New vaccines for neglected parasitic diseases and dengue. Translational Research Journal. 2013; 162 (3). [cited 2015 Feb 5]. Available from: http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23578479.

27 Suroso T. Dengue hemorrhagic fever in Indonesia: Epidemiological Trend and Development of Control Policy. Dengue Bulletin. 1996; 2 [Cited 2015 December 10]. Available from : http://apps.who.int/ iris/bitstream/10665/147883/1/dbv20p35.pdf.

28. Kustiatuti R, Sumengen S. Prevention and control program in Indonesia. Dengue Bulletin [serial on internet]. 2005 [cited 2015 Jan 10]; 29. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/ 164013/1/dbv29p1.pdf.

29. Kementerain Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Kebijakan bank data kesehatan [online]. 2015 [cited 2015 Apr 10] Available from : http://fiki2015.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/KEBIJAKAN-BANK-DATA1.pdf. 30. Kementerian kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Bank data per propinsi. 2015 [cited 2015 Feb 10]. Available from: http://bankdata. kemkes.go.id/.

31. Badan Pusat Statistik. Sensus penduduk tahun 2010 [online]. 2010 [cited January 2013]. Available from: http://sp2010.bps.go.id/.

32. Graham R, Jufrie M, Tan R, Hayes CG, Laksono L, Ma’Roef. A prospective sero epidemiologic studyon dengue in children four to nine years of age in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Studies in 1995-1996. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene [serial on internet]. 1999 [cited 2015 Feb 10]; 61: 412-9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/10497982.

33. Vaughn DW, Green S, Kalayanarooj S, Innis BL, Nimmannitya S, Suntayakorn S, et al. Dengue viremia titer, antibody response pattern, and virus serotype correlate with disease severity. Infectious Disease [serial on internet]. 2000 [cited 2015 Feb 10]; 181: 2–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10608744.

34. Schmidt WP, Suzuki M, Tiem VD, White RG, Tsuzuki A, Yoshida IM. Population density water supply and the risk of dengue fever in Vietnam; cohort study and spatial analysis. Plos Med [serial on internet]. 2011 [cited 2015 Feb 10]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gove /pubmed/21918642.

35. Maria GG, Gustavo K. Dengue: an update. Lancet Infectious Disease. 2002 [cited December 2015]; 2. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309901001712

36. Gubler D. Dengue, urbanization, and globalization; the wholly trinity of the 21st century. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Tropical Medicine and Health [serial on internet]. 2011 Dec [cited 2015 Oct 10]; 39 (4 Suppl): 3-11. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC3317603/.

37. Nakhapakorn K, Tripathi K. An information value based analysis of physical and climatic factors affecting dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence. International Journal of Health Geographics [serial on internet]. 2005 [cited 2015 Feb 10]; 4: 13. Available from: http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/4/1/13.

Download

Share

COinS