Abstract

Banyak pimpinan organisasi nirlaba kehabisan tenaga dan waktu melakukan manajemen operasional. Mereka tidak sempat berpikir strategis mengembangkan masa depan organisasi dan memberikan pelayanan bermutu yang memuaskan pelanggan. Manajemen strategis yang merupakan proses mengembangkan tujuan, rencana strategis, dan alokasi sumber daya mencakup analisis strategi, formulasi strategi, implementasi strategi, dan evaluasi strategi. Analisis stategi mengidentifikasi kekuatan dan kelemahan internal jang terkait sumber daya, struktur organisasi, strategi dan kinerja program, serta peluang dan ancaman eksternal yang terkait faktor politik, ekonomi, sosial dan teknologi. Selanjutnya, formulasi strategi adalah proses menyiapkan rencana strategis: mengembangkan nilai, misi, visi, gol, tujuan, identifikasi isu strategis dan memilih strategi pencapaian tujuan. Strategi yang sesuai dengan struktur organisasi, budaya, kepemimpinan, alokasi sumber daya, komunikasi, hambatan internal dan eksternal, diharapkan akan mempermudah implementasi. Monitoring yang mempelajari kemajuan dan evaluasi yang mempelajari pencapaian tujuan program merupakan bagian penting upaya pencapaian tujuan. Proses manajemen strategis menghasilkan pedoman yang diperlukan untuk menghadapi perubahan internal dan eksternal dengan menggunakan bisnis metoda baru, menerapkan praktik yang terbaik dan memelihara fleksibilitas. Melalui manajemen strategis pimpinan mampu mengembangkan nilai, misi, visi dan strategi untuk menghasilkan pelayanan unggulan secara efektif dan efisien.

In not for profit organizations, many of the organizations’ managers and executive officers spend energy and time to work more on operational management. They do not have enough time to deal with organizations’ future development. A strategic management is a process of developing an organization’s objectives, strategic plan, and allocating resources to implement the plan. Basically a strategic management covers strategy analysis, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation. A strategy analysis is to provide information on strengths and weaknesses of internal organization factors: human resources, organization structure, program performance; and information on opportunities and threats of external organization factors, politic, economy, social, and technology. A strategy formulation is a process of developing strategic plan including organization value, mission, vision, goal, strategic objectives, strategic issues, and strategy. A strategy implementation involves with the organization structure, value, operational activities, leadership, resource allocation, and communication. Strategy evaluation includes monitoring and evaluation activities to identify progress of the program implementation and to identify program achievement and its performance. A strategic management process provides a guide for addressing internal and external organizational challenges and changes using a new bussiness method and approach for practical application and maintaining flexibilities. Through a strategic management, the managers and executives will be able to provide better quality of services effecively and efficienly.

References

  1. Drucker,P.F. Management tasks responsibilities practices. New York: Harper & Row Publisher; 1974.
  2. Steiner George A. Step by Step Guide. Strategic Planning. What Every Manager Must Know. Free Press Paperback. A Division of Summon Schuster, Inc.New York; 1997.
  3. Morrisey George L., Patrick J.Below, Betty L. Acomb. The execution Guide to Operational Planning. San Francisco. Jossey – Bass Publishers; 1988.
  4. Haines Stephen G. Successful Strategic Planning. Boston National Book Network, Inc; 1995.
  5. Goodstein Leonard D, Timothy M.Nolan, J.William Pfeifer. Applied Strategic Planning, Comprehensive Guide. New York; McGraw Hill Inc; 1993.
  6. Beehtell Michele L.The Management Compass. Steering Corporation Using Hoshin Planning. AMA Membership Publisher Division. New York; 1995.
  7. Stoner J.A.F & Freeman R.E. Management. Fifth Edition New jersey: Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs; 1992.
  8. Rangkuti,F. Analisis SWOT. Teknik membedah kasus bisnis. Reorientasi konsep perencanaan strategis untuk menghadapi abad 21. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama; 2001.
  9. Byars L.,L., Rue,L.,W., & Zahra S.,A. Strategic management. Boston: Irwin; 1996.
  10. Lewis James P. The Project Manager Desk Reference. A Comprehensive Guide to Project Planning, Scheduling, Evaluating, Control and System. McGraw Hill New York; 2000.
  11. Lembaga Administrasi Negara dan Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan. Akuntabilitas dan good governance. Modul 1-5. Modul sosialisasi system akuntabilitas kinerja instansi pemerintah (AKIP). Jakarta: Lembaga Administrasi Negara; 2000.
  12. Gluek W.,F., & Jauch L.,R. Business policy and strategic management. Fourth Edition. International student edition.Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1984.
  13. Kearns K.P. Private sector strategies for social sector success. The guide to strategy and planning for public and non profit organizations. San Fransisco: The Jossey-Bass Inc.Publisher; 2000.
  14. Fogg C. Davis. Team Based Strategic Planning. A complete Guide to Structuring, Facilitating and Implementation the Process. Amacom. New York; 1994.
  15. Minzberg,H. The rise and fall of strategic planning. Preconceiving roles for planning, plans, planners. New York: The Free Press. Admonition of Macmillan,Inc; 1990.
  16. The NASA Strategic Management Handbook. http:// www.hq.nasa.gov/ office/nsp/ NSPTOCK/html.
  17. Silbiger,S. The 10-Day MBA. A step–by–step guide to mastering the skills taught in top business schools. London: Judy Piatkus Ltd of 5 Windmill Street London; 1998.
  18. Fritz Roger. The Small Business Trouble Shooter. Solution to A Problem Faced by Every Group Company. Bookstore Public Franklin Lakes, NY; 1995.
  19. Hill C.,W.L., Jones G.R. Strategic management. An Integrated approach. Longenecker J.G., Moore C.W. & Petty W.,J. (1994). Small business Management, an Entrepreneurial Emphasis. Cincinnati Ohio: College Division South Western Publishing Co; 1989.
  20. Wirawan. Kapita selekta.Teori kepemimpinan. Pengantar untuk praktek penelitian. Jakarta: YBI & Uhamka Press; 2002.
  21. Pietrzak J., Ramler M., Renner T., Ford L., & Gilbert N. Practical Program Evaluation. Examples from Child abuse prevention. London: Sage Publication; 1990.

Download

Included in

Public Health Commons

Share

COinS