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Abstract

WHO memperkirakan bahwa setiap tahun lebih dari 9 juta bayi meninggal pada periode perinatal dan hampir semua terjadi di negara berkembang. Kini angka kematian perinatal di Indonesia adalah 24 per 1.000 kelahiran, sekitar 77% merupakan sumbangan kematian neonatal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kematian perinatal di Indonesia dan memperkirakan program intervensi yang paling berperan dan menurunkannya. Studi ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2002-2003. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross sectional). Hasil menemukan variabel yang berhubungan terhadap kematian perinatal di Indonesia selama periode 1997-2003 adalah jarak kelahiran; komplikasi persalinan; tingkat pendidikan ibu; BBLR; tenaga penolong persalinan; riwayat kunjungan ANC; riwayat, serta wilayah tempat tinggal ibu. Berdasarkan perhitungan PAR, BBLR memiliki nilai PAR% sebesar 14,90. Artinya jika penurunan angka kematian perinatal difokuskan kepada program intervensi untuk menurunkan prevalensi bayi BBLR maka akan terjadi pengurangan resiko kematian perinatal sebesar 15% dari total kasus di seluruh populasi bayi lahir hidup.

WHO predicted that every year there are more than 9 millions perinatal deaths and almost all occurred in developing countries. In Indonesia, at present time the perinatal mortality rate is 24 per 1,000 life birth, and about 77% was contributed by neonatal death. The objective of this study is to know factors related to perinatal mortality in Indonesia and to assess the most important intervention program to reduce it. The study used secondary data source, that is Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in the period of 2002-2003. Design of the study is cross sectional. The results show that variables related to perinatal mortality are parity, delivery complications, maternal education, low birth weight, birth assistant, ANC visit, and residential address. Based on PAR calculation, low birth weight has PAR% of 14.90 meaning that if intervention program is focused on reducing prevalence of low birth weight, the perinatal mortality risk will be reduced by around 15% of the total cases among live newborn infants population.

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