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Abstract

Sampai kini, Tuberkulosis (TBC) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di dunia. Menurut laporan WHO, di seluruh dunia setiap tahun ditemukan sekitar 8 juta kasus baru. Indonesia merupakan negara penyumbang kasus TBC terbesar ketiga setelah India dan Cina dengan perkiraan jumlah kasus pada 2003 adalah 627.047 penderita dan 281.946 kasus merupakan TBC paru BTA positif. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kondisi lingkungan rumah, faktor sosial ekonomi dan faktor respon biologis terhadap kejadian TBC paru BTA positif pada penduduk dewasa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Survei Prevalensi TBC Nasional dan Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2004 dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol dengan rasio kasus dan kontrol 1:4. Populasi penelitian ini adalah penduduk berumur 15 tahun keatas. Sampel adalah responden Susenas 2004 sebanyak 380 orang yang terdiri dari 76 kasus dan 304 kontrol. Kasus adalah penduduk dewasa yang didiagnosis TBC berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan sputum BTA positif. Kontrol adalah penduduk yang yang berasal dari kecamatan yang sama dengan kasus dengan hasil BTA negatif. Ditemukan bahwa faktor faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian TBC Paru adalah sumber kontak serumah OR = 3,46 (1,316; 9,091) kondisi rumah yang berlantai tanah OR = 2,2 (1,135; 4,269) dan pendapatan perkapita OR = 2,145 (1,249; 3,683). Disarankan untuk melaksanakan program penemuan kasus secara aktif khusus untuk masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah, terutama untuk deteksi dini, pengobatan secara cepat dan tepat, melaksanakan program penemuan kasus secara aktif, dan program rumah sehat masyarakat miskin.

Globally, Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem until today. Based on WHO report, about 8 millions of new TB cases are found every year. Indonesia is the third biggest contributor country of TB cases after India and China with estimated number of 627.047 infected and 282.946 with positive smear test (BTA) in 2003. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between house environment condition, socio-economic factor, biological response and TB. This study used secondary source of data from National TB Prevalence Survey (SPTBC) and National Social and Economic Survey (Susenas) in 2004. The study design used is case control study, with ratio of case and control of 1:4. The study population is >15 years old age group. The number of sample is 380 persons, consisting of 76 cases and 304 controls. Cases are people with positive sputum test and controls are people with negative sputum test selected randomly. The study results show that factors associated with TB are the presence of contact source in one house with OR = 3.46 (1.316-9.091), condition of the house with soil floor OR = 2.2 (1.135-4.269) and private income OR 2.145 (1.249-3.683). According to those findings, it was recommended to the policy maker to conduct active case finding program for the low-income group of people, early detection, quick treatment, active case finding program, and healthy housing for the poor.

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