Abstract
Indonesia and Singapore are among the ASEAN members and ready to welcome the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community. The ASEAN Economic Community itself has been planned for a long time and the aim of establishing the ASEAN Economic Community is so that countries that are within ASEAN membership can face the problems of trade and economic activities on a large and global basis. This will certainly increase the number of cross-border transactions and investments between these two nations and other members of the ASEAN community. In reality, the cross-border transactions and investments also involve the Legal Entities and Natural Person outside ASEAN members. Along the way, in performing business activities, disputes between parties inevitably happened that would later create private international law (PIL) cases. Indonesia is considered among the Civil Law system countries, while Singapore is applying the Common Law system. In hearing private international law cases, Singapore court would apply the Spiliada principle in determining whether it is the Natural Forum or not to hear the case. A different approach is taken by the Indonesian court because it doesn’t have the application of the Spiliada principle. The idea of implementation of Spiliada principle by the Indonesian judiciary is proposed as a harmonizing way of approach to determining the Natural Forum both in Indonesia and Singapore jurisdiction, as well as if it is possible for other jurisdictions in the ASEAN community. With Indonesia not applying the Spiliada principle in International Private Law cases, there are differences in the main connecting factors which Indonesia must adapt adaptively to apply the Spiliada principle according to Indonesian national principles. As for Indonesia applying the Spiliada principle in International Private Law cases, It is hoped that it can harmonize Indonesia with Singapore and other ASEAN membership countries for the sake of the sustainability of the ASEAN Economic Community.
Bahasa Abstract
Indonesia dan Singapura termasuk anggota ASEAN dan sedang bersiap menyambut pelaksanaan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN. Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN sendiri sudah direncanakan sejak lama dan tujuan dibentuknya Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN adalah agar negara-negara yang tergabung dalam keanggotaan ASEAN dapat menghadapi persoalan perdagangan dan kegiatan ekonomi secara besar dan mendunia. Hal ini pastinya akan meningkatkan jumlah transaksi dan investasi lintas batas di antara kedua negara dan dengan anggota lain dari komunitas ASEAN. Pada kenyataannya, transaksi dan investasi lintas batas juga mengikutsertakan badan hukum dan orang pribadi di luar negara-negara anggota ASEAN. Seiring berjalannya waktu, di dalam menjalankan kegiatan bisnisnya tidak dapat dihindari terjadi sengketa di antara para pihak yang diantaranya menimbulkan kasus-kasus Hukum Perdata Internasional. Indonesia termasuk di dalam sistem Hukum Civil Law, sedangkan Singapura menerapkan sistem Hukum Common Law. Di dalam mengadili perkara Hukum Perdata Internasional, Pengadilan Singapura akan menerapkan prinsip Spiliada untuk menentukan apakah sebagai forum yang berwenang atau tidak untuk mengadili perkara tersebut. Pendekatan yang berbeda ditempuh oleh Pengadilan Indonesia, karena tidak menerapkan prinsip Spiliada. Ide untuk menerapkan prinsip Spiliada oleh Peradilan di Indonesia menjadi usulan sebagai jalan mengharmonisasi pendekatan untuk menentukan Natural Forum (Forum atau Pengadilan yang berwenang) pada Yurisdiksi Indonesia dan Singapura, dan jikalau memungkinkan untuk diterapkan pada yurisdiksi-yurisdiksi pada komunitas negara-negara ASEAN. Dengan Indonesia yang tidak menerapkan prinsip Spiliada dalam kasus-kasus Hukum Perdata Internasional, maka terdapat perbedaan faktor penghubung pokok dimana Indonesia harus menyesuaikan secara adaptif untuk penerapan prinsip Spiliada sesuai asas kebangsaan Indonesia. Adapun dengan Indonesia menerapkan prinsip Spiliada dalam kasus Hukum Perdata Internasional, diharapkan yurisdiksi antara Indonesia dengan Singapura maupun negara-negara yang tergabung dalam keanggotaan ASEAN lainnya selaras demi keberlangsungan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN.
References
Articles
Allagan, Tiurma M.P. “Indonesian Private International Law: The Development After More Than a Century.” Indonesian Journal of International Law 14, no. 3 (2017): 381-416
Chong, Adeline and Man Yip. “Singapore as Centre for International Commercial Litigation: Party Autonomy to the Fore.” Journal of Private International Law 15, no. 1 (2019): 97-129
Chen, Weizuo and Gerald Goldstein. “The Asian Principles of Private International Law: Objectives, Contents, Structure and Selected Topics on Choice of Law.” Journal of Private International Law 13, no. 2 (2017): 411-434
Man, Yip. “The Resolution of Disputes before the Singapore International Commercial Court” International Law and Comparative Law Quarterly 65 (2016): 439 - 473.
Min, Yeo Tiong. “Staying Relevant: Exercise of Jurisdiction in the Age of the SICC.” Eight Yong Pung How Professorship of Law Lecture (2015): 439-473
Tumpa, Harifin A. “Penerapan Konsep Rechtsvinding dan Rechtsschepping oleh Hakim dalam Memutus Suatu Perkara.” Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no.2 (2015): 126-138
Wibowo, Basuki Rekso. “Pembaharuan Hukum Antar Tata Hukum Indonesia Dalam Rangka Mendukung Perkembangan Ekonomi di Era Globalisasi.” Jurnal Rechtsvinding 7, no. 2 (2018): 163
Books
Min, Yeo Tiong, “Exercise of Jurisdiction” in Commercial Conflict Of Laws. Academy Publishing, 2003
Morris et al, “The Conflict of Laws”. Sweet & Maxwell 6th Ed, 2005
Hayward, Ruth, “Conflict of Laws”. Cavendish publishing 4th Ed, 2006
C.M.V. Clarkson, Christopher and Jonathan Hill, “The Conflict of Laws”. Oxford University Press, 3rd Ed, 2006
Cuniberti, Gilles, “Conflict of Laws: Comparative Approach: Text and Cases”. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2017
Gautama, Sudargo, Hukum Perdata Internasional Indonesia. Eresco Bandung, 1986
Lee, Joel, “Private International Law in The Singapore Courts”. Singapore Year Book of International Law and Contributors, 2005
Thesis and Dissertations
Allagan, Tiurma M. P. “International Mixed Marriage in Indonesia and ASEAN: International Mixed Marriage and Its Recognition in Indonesia towards One ASEAN Community,” University of Groningen (2019) at 1-523
Tania, Charlene Fortuna. “Tinjauan Yuridis Hubungan Penerapan Choice of Law Dengan Kewenangan Mengadili Oleh Pengadilan (Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 1935 K/Pdt/2012)” (2017) Tesis Magister Kenotariatan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara (2017) at 87-88
Pratiwi, Astrid. “Aspek-Aspek Hukum Acara Perdata Internasional Dalam Perkara Perceraian di Indonesia,” Skripsi Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia (2011) at 1-142
Internet References
Dutch Civil Law. “Code of Civil Procedure.” Accessed 06 May 2021, http://www.dutchcivillaw.com/civilprocedureleg.htm.
Legislations
Indonesia. “1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia,” Art 24
Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Perkawinan, PP No. 9 Tahun 1975. (Concerning Implementing Rule of Marriage Act. Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 s 20-21).
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 48 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, UU No. 48 Tahun 2009. (Judicial Power Act 2009. Law 48 of 2009)
Court Decisions
Supreme Court, “Ang Ming Chuang v Singapore Airlines Ltd,” Civil Aeronautics Administration, Third Party, 2004, SGHC 263
Singapore Law Reports, (2013) 3 SLR, at 700
Supreme Court, “AZS and another v AZR,” 2013, SGHC 102
Indonesian Supreme Court Judgment. Number 1544 K/Pdt/2015, Yordi Purnomo v Shelvy Meliani Guntoro
Supreme Court of Judicature Act (Cap 322, 1999 Rev Ed) s 18(2)
Recommended Citation
Silalahi, Ranto Sabungan
(2024)
"The Idea of Implementing Spiliada Principle for Indonesian Court in Hearing Private International Law Cases,"
Journal of Private International Law Studies: Vol. 1:
No.
1, Article 6.
DOI: 10.21143/JPILS.v1i1.1013
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jpils/vol1/iss1/6