Abstract
Introduction. There are few studies regarding peripheral artery disease (PAD by intermittent claudication) on adults in Indonesia, including its risk factors. This study aims to determine relationship and comparison of PAD accompanied by intermittent intermittent claudication risk factors in adult, especially in rural areas of Sikka regency, Flores, measured by pulse palpation. Methods. A cross sectional study in 3 primary healthcare working areas in Sikka regency and consecutive sampling had been done. Interview of risk factors was conducted and blood pressure was taken from all four extremities in supine position. Ankle brachial index (ABI) value was defined as systolic blood pressure of foot arteries (dorsalis pedis and posterior tibia) divided by highest systolic blood pressure among brachial artery. PAD was then defined by presence of both intermittent claudication and ABI <0.9. Random blood glucose, total cholesterol, and uric acid had been measured using EasytouchTM while urine examination was done using urine dipsticks. Results. A total of 333 subjects had been participated in which woman (64.9%), farmers (71.2%), working, less-than-5-yearhypertension history (30.3%) and mean age 57.47 years old were our majority subjects’ characteristics. There were 135 subjects had intermittent claudication and 39 (28.89%) of them had PAD. Several independent significant (p<0.05) risk factors include sex (man vs. female; p=0.001; OR 0.167 [0.056–0.497]) and proteinuria (p=.000; OR 6.612 [2.725–16.045]). Conclusion. Proteinuria and sex are independent risk factors and significantly related on PAD accompanied by intermittent claudication in adult of rural areas in Sikka regency.
References
1. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2013. p.88-90. 2. Seran SB, Hala KK, Simanjuntak EMF, Hermanus L, Sinaga ME, Ralo T, et al. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Tahun 2014 [Internet]. Kupang: Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi NTT; 1 Juni 2015 [Diakses 2 Juli 2017]. Tersedia di: http://www.depkes.go.id/ resources/download/profil/PROFIL_KES_PROVINSI_2014/19_ NTT_2014.pdf 3. Thendria T, Toruan IL, Natalia D. Hubungan hipertensi dan penyakit arteri perifer berdasarkan nilai ankle-brachial index. eJKI. 2014;2(1):281-8. 4. Kannel WB, Mc Gee DL. Update on some epidemiologic features of intermittent claudication: the Framingham study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1985;33(1):13-8. 5. Sihombing B. Prevalensi penyakit arteri perifer pada populasi penyakit diabetes mellitus di puskesmas kota medan [Internet]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2008 [Diakses 3 Agustus 2017]. Tersedia di: http://library.usu.ac.id/index.php?option=com_ journal_review&id=9870&task=view 6. Begelman SM, Jaff MR. Noninvasive diagnostic strategies for peripheral arterial disease. Cleve Clin J Med. Oktober 2006;73(Suppl 4):S22-9. 7. Ranasinghe LD, Somasundaram NP, Wickramasinghe SWADA, Ranawake N, Jayasena KRC. Reliability of ankle-brachial pressure index measured by pulse palpation method in diagnosing peripheral artery disease among patients with diabetes mellitus. Sri Lanka J Diabet Endoc Metabol. 2015;5(2):65-8. 8. Collins TC, Suarez-Almazor M, Peterson NJ. An absent pulse is not sensitive for the early detection of peripheral artery disease. Fam Med. 2006;38(1):38-42. 9. Fatayati I. Hubungan hipertensi dengan penyakit arteri perifer di posyandu lanjut usia kelurahan pucangan – tinjauan terhadap nilai ankle brachial index [Internet]. Solo: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2017 [Diakses 8 Juli 2017]. Tersedia di: http://eprints. ums.ac.id/49849/1/NASKAH%20PUBLIKASI.pdf 10. Verma A, Prasad A, Elkadi GH, Chi YW. Peripheral arterial disease: evaluation, risk factor modification, and medical management. JCOM. 2011;18(2):74-84. 11. Bozkurt AK, Tasci I, Tabak O, Gumus M, Kaplan Y. Peripheral artery disease assessed by ankle brachial index in patients with established cardiovascular disease or at least one risk factor for atherothrombosis – CAREFUL Study: a national, multi-center, cross sectional observational study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2011;11:4. 12. Riley RS, McPherson RA. Basic examination of urine. Dalam: McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Edisi ke-23; 2017. p.447-9. 13. Verma EV. Proteinuria [Internet]. New York: Medscape; 12 Desember 2016 [Diakses 10 Agustus 2017]. Tersedia di: http:// emedicine.medscape.com/article/238158-overview#a1 14. Vonkeman HE. Understanding the NSAID related risk of vascular events. BMJ. 2006;332(7546):895-8. 15. Cui R, Yamagishi K, Imano H, Ohira T, Tanigawa T, Hitsumoto S, et al. Relationship between ankle brachial index and the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: the circulatory risk in communities study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2014;21(12):1283-9. 16. Bhimma R. Renal glucosuria [Internet]. New York: Medscape; 17 Oktober 2016 [Diakses 19 Juli 2017]. Tersedia di: http://emedicine. medscape.com/article/983678-overview#a6
Recommended Citation
Sofian, Naldo; Prasetyo, Garry; and Wibisono, Stephanie
(2017)
"Peripheral Artery Disease Accompanied by IntermittentClaudication in Rural Areas of Sikka Regency – A Cross SectionalStudy with Pulse Palpation Methods and Its Risk Factors,"
Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia: Vol. 4:
Iss.
3, Article 6.
DOI: 10.7454/jpdi.v4i3.133
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jpdi/vol4/iss3/6
