•  
  •  
 

Abstract

Through both prolonged survival and late acquisition of the disease, numbers of older adults with HIV are climbing. Along with ageing process is an accumulation of HIV-associated non-AIDS related comorbidities, creating a complex patient group affected by multi-morbidity along with polypharmacy, functional decline and social issues.

References

1. Levett T, Wright J, Fisher M. HIV and ageing: what the geriatrician needs to know. Rev Clin Gerontol. 2014;24(1):10-24. 2. Greene M,Covinsky KE, Valcour V. Geriatric syndromes in older HIVinfected adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;69(2):161-7. 3. Bakanda C, Birungi J, Mwesigwa R. Association of aging and survival in a large HIV-infected cohort on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2011;25(5):701-5. 4. Mills EJ, Bärnighausen T, Negin J. HIV and aging — preparing for the challenges ahead. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(14):1270-3. 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report vol 25. Atlanta: CDC Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention; 2012. 6. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Statistik kasus HIV/ AIDS di Indonesia. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan Kementiran Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2014. 7. Davis T, Thornton A, Oslin D, Zanjani F. Medication and behavioral adherence among HIV+ older adults. Clin Gerontol. 2014;37(5):458-74. 8. Pathai S, Bajillan H, Landay AL, High KP. Is HIV a model of accelerated or accentuated aging? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(7):833–42. 9. Health Protection Agency. HIV in the United Kingdom: 2012 Report [Internet]. London: Health Protection Services, Colindale; November 2012 [cited 2015 May 1]. Available from: http://www. hpa.org.uk/webc/ HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1317137200016 10. Vance DE, Mugavero M, Willig J, Raper JL, Saag MS. Aging with HIV: a cross-sectional study of comorbidity prevalence and clinical characteristics across decades of life. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2011;22(1):17–25. 11. Guaraldi G, Orlando G, Zona S. Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared to the general population. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(11):1120–6. 12. Hasse B, Ledergerber B, Furrer H. Morbidity and aging in HIVinfected persons: the Swiss HIV cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(11):1130–9. 13. Setiati S, Harimurti K, Roosheroe AG. Proses menua dan implikasi kliniknya. Dalam: Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata M, Setiati S, editor. Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam. Edisi IV. Jakarta: CV Sagung Seto; 2010. Hal.1345-50. 14. Deeks SG. HIV infection, inflammation, immunosenescence, and aging. Annu Rev Med. 2011;62:141–55. 15. Deeks SG, Phillips AN. HIV infection, antiretroviral treatment, ageing, and non-AIDS related morbidity. BMJ. 2009;338:a3172. 16. Reiss P. The art of managing Human Immunodeficiency Virus: a balancing act. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(10):1602–4. 17. Abras CK, Appelbaum JS, Boyd CM. Recommended treatment strategies for clinicians managing older patients with HIV. Washington: American Academy of HIV Medicine; 2012. p.1-76. 18. Grinspoon SK, Grunfeld C, Kotler DP. State of the science conference: initiative to decrease cardiovascular risk and increase quality of care for patients living with HIV/AIDS: executive summary. Circulation. 2008;118(2):198–210. 19. Sabin CA, Worm SW, Weber R. Use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction in HIVinfected patients enrolled in the D:A:D study: a multi-cohort collaboration. Lancet. 2008;371(9622):1417–26. 20. Ho JE, Deeks SG, Hecht FM. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy at higher nadir CD4+ T-cell counts is associated with reduced arterial stiffness in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS. 2010;24(12):1897–905. 21. Monforte A, Abrams D, Pradier C. HIV-induced immunodeficiency and mortality from AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining malignancies. AIDS. 2008;22(16):2143–53. 22. Neuhaus J, Jacobs DR, Baker JV, Jr. Markers of inflammation, coagulation, and renal function are elevated in adults with HIV infection. J Infect Dis. 2010;201(12):1788–95. 23. Triant VA, Brown TT, Lee H. Fracture prevalence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected versus non-HIV-infected patients in a large U.S. healthcare system. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(9):3499–504. 24. Grunfeld C, Rimland D, Gibert CL. Association of upper trunk and visceral adipose tissue volume with insulin resistance in control and HIV-infected subjects in the FRAM study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;46(3):283–90. 25. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol Bio Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):146–56. 26. Leng SX, Margolick JB. Understanding frailty, aging, and inflammation in hiv infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2015;12(1):25– 32. 27. Brothers TD. Frailty in people aging with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(8):1170-9. 28. Valcour V, Paul R, Neuhaus J, Shikuma C. The effects of age and HIV on neuropsychological performance. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2011;17(1):190–5. 29. Heaton RK, Franklin DR, Ellis RJ. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: differences in rates, nature, and predictors. J Neurovirol. 2011;17(1):3–16. 30. Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT. Updated research nosology for HIV associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology. 2007; 6(18)9:1789–99. 31. Gonzalez-Scarano F, Martın-Garcıa J. The neuropathogenesis of AIDS. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(1):69–81. 32. Mateen FJ, Mills EJ. Aging and HIV-related cognitive loss. JAMA. 2012;308(4):349–50. 33. Asboe D, Aitken C, Boffito M. on behalf of the BHIVA Guidelines Subcommittee. British HIV Association guidelines for the routine investigation and monitoring of adult HIV-1-infected individuals 2011. HIV Med. 2012;13:1–44. 34. Erlandson KM, Allshouse AA, Jankowski CM. Risk factors for falls in HIV-infected persons. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;61(4):484–9. 35. Brown TT, Qaqish RB. Antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia: A meta-analytical review. AIDS. 2006;20(17):2164–74. 36. Bonjoch A, Figueras M, Estany C. High prevalence of and progression to low bone mineral density in HIV-infected patients: a longitudinal cohort study. AIDS. 2010;24(18):2827–33. 37. Ofotukun I, Weitzmann MN. HIV-1 infection and antiretroviral therapies: risk factors for osteoporosis and bone fracture. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2010;17(6):523–9. 38. Ruiz L. Falls in HIV-Infected patients: a geriatric syndrome in a susceptible population. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2012;12(4):266-9. 39. Filho AC. Factors associated with a diagnosis of major depression among HIV-infected elderly patients. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2013;46(3):352-4. 40. Shippy RA, Karpiak SE. The aging HIV/AIDS population: fragile social networks. Aging Ment Health. 2005;9(3):246–54. 41. Kearney F, Moore A, Donegan CF, Lambert J. The ageing of HIV: implications for geriatric medicine. Age Ageing. 2010;39(5):536–41. 42. Nogueras M, Navarro G, Anton E. Epidemiological and clinical features, response to HAART, and survival in HIV-infected patients diagnosed at the age of 50 or more. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6(4):46. 43. New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute. HIV IN OLDER ADULTS A Quick Reference Guide for HIV Primary Care Clinicians [Internet]. New York: New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute; 2015 [cited 2015 May 1]. Available from: http://www. hivguidelines.org/clinical-guidelines/quick-reference-cards/hiv-inolder-adults-a-quick-reference-guide-for-hiv-primary-care-clinicians/ 44. European Clinical AIDS Society. EACS Guidelines for treatment of HIV-positive adults in Europe [Internet]. EACS: Brussel; 2009 [cited 2015 May 1]. . Available from: http://www.europeanaids clinicalsociety.org/images/stories/EACS- Pdf/version-5- november2009-eacs- guidelines-cologne.pdf 45. Marzolini C, Back D, Weber R. Ageing with HIV: medication use and risk for potential drug-drug interactions. J Antimicrobial Chemother. 2011;66(9):2107–11. 46. Evans-Jones J, Cottle LE, Back DJ. Recognition of risk for clinically significant drug interactions among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(10):1419–21. 47. Inelmen EM, Sergi G, Rui DM, Manzato E. Enhancing awareness to mitigate the risk of HIV/AIDS in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2014;26(6):665–9.

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.