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Abstract

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the leading metabolic disease in Indonesia. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a major complication of T2DM, was associated with insulin resistance and adipose dysfunction. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a tool to measure visceral fat as the indicator of adipose dysfunction and insulin sensitivity. The association between VAI and DPN has not been widely researched, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to assess the association between them.

Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with T2DM at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, from December 2024 to March 2025. DPN was assessed using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), consisting of a questionnaire (MNSI A) and physical examination (MNSI B). VAI was calculated using waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride level, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. A bivariate analysis was conducted to compare mean VAI values between patients with and without DPN and to assess correlations between VAI and MNSI scores.

Results. From a total of 80 subjects, the average age was 56 years (SD 9), and the majority were female (56.3%). The median VAI value in the DPN group was 2.863 (0.401–11.665), slightly higher than in the non-DPN group, which was 2.549 (0.781–17.414), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.34). No statistically significant correlation was found between VAI and MNSI A score (r=0.092; p=0.42) or MNSI B score (r=0.12; p=0.31).

Conclusion. There was no significant association between VAI and DPN in patients with T2DM.

Bahasa Abstract

Pendahuluan. Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2) merupakan masalah metabolik yang terus meningkat jumlah kasusnya di Indonesia. Salah satu komplikasi yang sering terjadi adalah neuropati diabetik perifer (NDP), yang berkaitan dengan resistensi insulin dan disfungsi jaringan adiposa. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) merupakan parameter untuk menilai kadar lemak viseral sebagai indikator dari disfungsi adiposa dan sensitivitas insulin. Penelitian yang mengevaluasi hubungan antara VAI dengan NDP di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara VAI dan NDP pada pasien DM tipe 2.

Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan pada pasien DM tipe 2 usia ≥18 tahun di RS Adam Malik pada bulan Desember 2024 hingga Maret 2025. Neuropati diabetik perifer dinilai menggunakan Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI) yang terdiri dari kuesioner (MNSI A) dan pemeriksaan fisik (MNSI B). Nilai VAI dihitung berdasarkan rumus yang mencakup parameter lingkar pinggang, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), kadar trigliserida, dan kolesterol high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Analisis bivariat dilakukan untuk menilai perbedaan rerata nilai VAI antara kelompok dengan dan tanpa NDP, serta korelasi antara VAI dan skor MNSI.

Hasil. Dari total 80 subjek, didapatkan rerata usia 56 (SB 9) tahun dan mayoritas perempuan (56,3%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa median nilai VAI pada NDP 2,863 (0,401 – 11,665) cenderung lebih tinggi daripada nilai VAI tanpa NDP 2,549 (0,781 – 17,414), namun tidak bermakna secara statistik (p=0,34). Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik antara nilai VAI dengan skor MNSI A (r = 0,092, p=0,42) dan MNSI B (r=0,116, p=0,31).

Kesimpulan. Tidak ada hubungan antara nilai VAI dengan NDP pada pasien DM tipe 2.

Kata Kunci: Diabetes melitus tipe 2, neuropati diabetik perifer, visceral adiposity index

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